desempenho ponderal, aspectos econômicos, nutricionais e clínicos de caprinos submetidos a dois esquemas de suplementação mineral daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements
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2004
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Abstract
O desempenho ponderal, os custos e os aspectos nutricionais e clínicos foram avaliados em 16 caprinos (8 pequenos e 8 maiores) submetidos a dois tipos de suplementação mineral por 148 dias. Um grupo recebeu uma mistura mineral comercial e outro, uma mistura mineral (sal seletivo) formulado apenas com cloreto de sódio (239 gNa/kg), superfosfato simples (34 gP/kg) e sulfato de cobre (1244 mgCu/kg). Não houve diferença estatística no ganho de peso diário entre os grupos de animais que receberam o suplemento mineral comercial ou o sal seletivo. O menor consumo do sal seletivo (66% do verificado na mistura mineral comercial), observado no lote de animais maiores, deveu-se ao teor mais alto de NaCl na composição desse suplemento; essa menor ingestão representou um gasto 3,9 menor na suplementação mineral desses animais. Em relação aos animais pequenos, houve um consumo exagerado do sal seletivo, durante os primeiros 3 meses e, depois dessa fase, o consumo de ambos os suplementos foi idêntico. Esse maior consumo pode estar associado ao fato de que os animais eram lactentes antes do experimento e, quando tiveram acesso ao sal seletivo contendo mais cloreto de sódio, possivelmente tiveram maior apetite para esse suplemento. Todos os animais que receberam os dois tipos de suplementação mineral apresentaram evidente melhora da qualidade da pelagem geral e aumento da pigmentação na pelagem periocular, o que foi atribuído à correção da moderada deficiência de cobre existente nos solos da região; pois o rebanho não recebia suplemento mineral antes do início do experimento. Nos animais maiores, ambos os suplementos foram capazes de aumentar o número de hemácias, a concentração de hemoglobina e o hematócrito. Pela análise mineral do capim e da ração, bem como da quantificação do consumo diário desses alimentos, demonstrou-se que apenas o consumo do volumoso foi capaz de fornecer o cálcio e o cobalto necessário aos animais maiores e, em relação à ingestão de fósforo, apenas o consumo da ração concentrada foi suficiente para suprir os requerimentos dos dois grupos de animais. As exigências de zinco foram supridas pela ingestão da ração e do volumoso. Além dos cálculos sobre o consumo de fósforo, cálcio, cobalto e zinco demonstrarem que as exigências desses minerais foram totalmente atendidas apenas com a ingestão da ração concentrada e do volumoso; clinicamente os animais não apresentaram quaisquer sinais diretos ou indiretos de deficiência desses elementos. Esses fatos reforçam a hipótese de que quando os animais são alimentados com rações concentradas e volumosos de boa qualidade, poucos serão os elementos minerais a serem supridos - especificamente, neste sistema de criação desta região, apenas o sódio e o cobre. Os resultados desse estudo endossam a idéia de que a suplementação seletiva, conceito que significa fornecer apenas os elementos minerais que efetivamente estão em falta na dieta dos animais, está correta, e implica em marcada redução nos custos com a suplementação mineral do rebanho.
Daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements were evaluated during 148 days in Seropédica county, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals were daily fed with fresh and chopped Andropogon gayanus or Pennisetum purpureum; the concentrate ration was formulated without a mineral mixture and was offered together with the forage of 300 up to 500 g/animal/day. Sixteen goats were divided into two groups of 8 animals each (4 small and 4 larger goats). For one group a commercial mineral mixture was used, and to the other group a selective mineral mixture containing only Na, P and Cu was offered. The animals were weighed every 30 days and the mineral supplement intake was measured monthly. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. There was no difference in daily weight gain when the selective or commercial mixture was given for both groups. The selective mineral supplementation was 2.3 (for the smaller animals) and 3.9 (for larger animals) times more economic than the conventional supplementation with a "complete" mineral mix. The two groups showed recovery of hair quality and had an increase of hair pigmentation around the eyes, which was attributed to the correction of copper deficiency. In the larger animals the intake of both supplements increased the red blood cells counts, and the haematocrit and haemoglobin values. The forage intake was sufficient to meet the Ca and Co needs of the animals, and for P the concentrate intake was sufficient to overcome the demand for this element. The requirement of zinc was supplied through the forage and the concentrate ration. Thus, when an adequate concentrate and a good quality forage is given, only the deficient mineral element(s) should be supplemented. In this specific case only Na and Cu should be given. The result of this experiment confirms the hypothesis that selective mineral supplementation - i.e. supplementation of the mineral element(s) deficient in the diet - was correct and can result in reduction of the cost with the mineral supplementation of a herd.
Daily weight gain, economic, nutritional and clinical aspects of goats receiving two types of mineral supplements were evaluated during 148 days in Seropédica county, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals were daily fed with fresh and chopped Andropogon gayanus or Pennisetum purpureum; the concentrate ration was formulated without a mineral mixture and was offered together with the forage of 300 up to 500 g/animal/day. Sixteen goats were divided into two groups of 8 animals each (4 small and 4 larger goats). For one group a commercial mineral mixture was used, and to the other group a selective mineral mixture containing only Na, P and Cu was offered. The animals were weighed every 30 days and the mineral supplement intake was measured monthly. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of the experimental period. There was no difference in daily weight gain when the selective or commercial mixture was given for both groups. The selective mineral supplementation was 2.3 (for the smaller animals) and 3.9 (for larger animals) times more economic than the conventional supplementation with a "complete" mineral mix. The two groups showed recovery of hair quality and had an increase of hair pigmentation around the eyes, which was attributed to the correction of copper deficiency. In the larger animals the intake of both supplements increased the red blood cells counts, and the haematocrit and haemoglobin values. The forage intake was sufficient to meet the Ca and Co needs of the animals, and for P the concentrate intake was sufficient to overcome the demand for this element. The requirement of zinc was supplied through the forage and the concentrate ration. Thus, when an adequate concentrate and a good quality forage is given, only the deficient mineral element(s) should be supplemented. In this specific case only Na and Cu should be given. The result of this experiment confirms the hypothesis that selective mineral supplementation - i.e. supplementation of the mineral element(s) deficient in the diet - was correct and can result in reduction of the cost with the mineral supplementation of a herd.
| Reference Key |
malafaia2004pesquisadesempenho
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;Pedro Malafaia;Viviane Antunes Pimentel;Karen Purper Freitas;Cleide Duarte Coelho;Marilene de Farias Brito;Paulo Vargas Peixoto |
| Journal | AIP Conference Proceedings |
| Year | 2004 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-736X2004000100005
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| URL | |
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