mineralização de compostos nitrogenados após aplicações de lodos de esgoto em quatro cultivos de milho nitrogen mineralization after sewage sludge applications to four corn crops
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ID: 164151
2009
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Abstract
O teor de N disponível em solos tratados com lodo de esgoto é um dos fatores restritivos à aplicação do resíduo em grandes volumes na agricultura, e deve ser utilizado nas normas que regulamentam seu uso agrícola com o fim de evitar a contaminação ambiental do solo e corpos d'água com nitrato. Quando se aplica o resíduo pela primeira vez em um solo, a disponibilização de N mineral a partir de compostos orgânicos naturais do solo não é diretamente considerada no cálculo da taxa de aplicação máxima, e este procedimento é comum também nas recomendações de adubação mineral. Porém, a aplicação continuada desses resíduos pode causar efeitos residuais acumulativos na geração de N mineral, o que implicaria recomendações específicas para reaplicações em uma mesma área. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a disponibilidade potencial de N mineral em um Latossolo previamente tratado com lodos de esgoto e com quatro cultivos sucessivos de milho. Amostras de solo da camada de 0-20 cm foram coletadas em subparcelas de um experimento realizado em campo, entre 1999 e 2002, em Jaguariúna (SP), onde foram aplicados 0, 14.716, 29.432, 58.864 e 117.728 kg ha-1 de lodo de origem urbana (Franca, SP) e 0, 22.700, 45.400, 90.800 e 181.600 kg ha-1 de lodo produzido a partir de esgotos urbanos e industriais (Barueri, SP). As doses foram parceladas em quatro aplicações anuais consecutivas. Em laboratório, essas amostras foram incubadas durante 15 semanas. As análises iniciais dos solos evidenciaram que houve efeito residual das aplicações prévias dos lodos sobre o acúmulo de N orgânico e de nitrato. No final da incubação, houve acúmulo de N inorgânico no solo e diminuição do pH em função da maior geração de nitrato com as doses crescentes dos lodos de esgoto. O potencial de mineralização estimado pelo modelo exponencial simples foi de 28 mg kg-1 de N no tratamento sem lodo, e crescente, de 28 para 100 mg kg-1 de N, nos tratamentos com lodo de Franca, e de 40 para 113 mg kg-1 de N tratamentos com lodo de Barueri. Concluiu-se que os efeitos residuais acumulados no solo devem ser considerados quando se pretender fazer novas aplicações de lodos de esgoto num mesmo local. Os potenciais de mineralização de compostos de N do solo e do lodo que será utilizado, além do acúmulo de nitrato no perfil do solo, devem ser determinados e considerados para o cálculo da dose da próxima aplicação.
The available N in sewage sludge-amended soils is one of the restrictive factors for residue application in great amounts. This criterion must be considered in regulations for agricultural use of sewage sludge to avoid environmental pollution of soil and water bodies. The availability of mineral N from native soil organic-N is not considered in the calculation of the maximum rate of sewage sludge application, when these residues are applied for the first time, and this procedure is usual in the mineral fertilizer recommendations. Continuous sewage-sludge applications to soils may however cause cumulative residual effects on mineral N generation, which would imply in specific regulations for re-applications in the same area. The purpose of this study was to verify the potential availability of mineral N in a Latossol under corn previously treated with sewage sludge. The soil samples (0-0.20 m) for this study were collected in a field experiment in Jaguariúna (São Paulo State, Brazil), between 1999 and 2002, where the treatments consisted of four consecutive applications, with a total application of 0; 14,716; 29,432; 58,864 and 117,728 kg ha-1 of urban sludge from the Franca sewage treatment plant Franca and 0; 22,700; 45,400; 90,800 and 181,600 kg ha-1 of industrial and urban sludge from the Barueri sewage treatment plant. After sampling, the treatments were incubated for 15 weeks in a laboratory. At the beginning of incubation, a residual effect of previous applications was observed on organic N and nitrate accumulation. At the end of the incubation period, the net inorganic N accumulation increased in the soil and pH had decreased, both proportional to the rates of organic N applied previously as sludge in the field. The N mineralization potential estimated by the single exponential model was 28 mg kg-1 for soil without sludge, and ranged from 28 to 100 mg kg-1 for soil treated with Franca sludge, and from 40 to 113 mg kg-1 for soil treated with Barueri sludge. It was concluded that N residual effects must be considered prior to sewage sludge re-application to a same soil. The N mineralization potential of soil and sewage sludge as well as nitrate accumulation in the soil profile have to be determined to calculate adequate sludge rates.
The available N in sewage sludge-amended soils is one of the restrictive factors for residue application in great amounts. This criterion must be considered in regulations for agricultural use of sewage sludge to avoid environmental pollution of soil and water bodies. The availability of mineral N from native soil organic-N is not considered in the calculation of the maximum rate of sewage sludge application, when these residues are applied for the first time, and this procedure is usual in the mineral fertilizer recommendations. Continuous sewage-sludge applications to soils may however cause cumulative residual effects on mineral N generation, which would imply in specific regulations for re-applications in the same area. The purpose of this study was to verify the potential availability of mineral N in a Latossol under corn previously treated with sewage sludge. The soil samples (0-0.20 m) for this study were collected in a field experiment in Jaguariúna (São Paulo State, Brazil), between 1999 and 2002, where the treatments consisted of four consecutive applications, with a total application of 0; 14,716; 29,432; 58,864 and 117,728 kg ha-1 of urban sludge from the Franca sewage treatment plant Franca and 0; 22,700; 45,400; 90,800 and 181,600 kg ha-1 of industrial and urban sludge from the Barueri sewage treatment plant. After sampling, the treatments were incubated for 15 weeks in a laboratory. At the beginning of incubation, a residual effect of previous applications was observed on organic N and nitrate accumulation. At the end of the incubation period, the net inorganic N accumulation increased in the soil and pH had decreased, both proportional to the rates of organic N applied previously as sludge in the field. The N mineralization potential estimated by the single exponential model was 28 mg kg-1 for soil without sludge, and ranged from 28 to 100 mg kg-1 for soil treated with Franca sludge, and from 40 to 113 mg kg-1 for soil treated with Barueri sludge. It was concluded that N residual effects must be considered prior to sewage sludge re-application to a same soil. The N mineralization potential of soil and sewage sludge as well as nitrate accumulation in the soil profile have to be determined to calculate adequate sludge rates.
| Reference Key |
boeira2009revistamineralizao
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;Rita Carla Boeira;Viviane Cristina Bettanin Maximiliano |
| Journal | Revista de saude publica |
| Year | 2009 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-06832009000100022
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| URL | |
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