antenatal and neonatal visits increase complete immunization status among children aged 12-23 months in rural area of indonesia

Abstrak

Latar Belakang: Anak yang memiliki status imunisasi dasarlengkap di daerah pedesaan di Indonesia lebih rendah dibandingkan di perkotaan. Penelitian ini menilai hubungan kunjungan antenatal dan neonatal terhadap status imunisasi lengkap pada anak usia 12-23 bulan di daerah pedesaan Indonesia.

Metode: Penilaian menggunakan data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013 (Riskesdas). Sub-sampel terdiri dari anak usia 12-23 bulan di daerah pedesaan. Dari 8747 anak umur 12-23 bulan di wilayah perdesaan, 5452 memiliki data yang lengkap untuk dilakukan analisis. Status imunisasi dasar lengkap berdasarkan catatan pada kartu imunisasi dan wawancara. Analisis menggunakan regresi Cox dengan waktu yang konstan.

Hasil: Dari 5452 responden, 52,8% (2880/5452) mempunyai imunisasi dasar lengkap. Faktor-faktor dominan yang berhubungan dengan status dasar imunisasi lengkap adalah kunjungan antenatal dan neonatal, indeks kekayaan, pendidikan ibu, dan pekerjaan ibu. Dibandingkan dengan yang tidak melakukan kunjungan antenatal, mereka yang melakukan kunjungan antenatal 38% lebih besar kemungkinan mendapatkan imunisasi dasar lengkap [risiko relatif suaian (RRa) = 1,38; 95% interval kepercayaan (CI) = 1,27-1,50; P = 0,000]. Menurut kunjungan neonatal, mereka yang melakukan kunjungan neonatal 37% lebih besar untuk mendapatkan imunisasi dasar yang lengkap dibandingkan dengan yang tidak melakukan kunjungan neonatal (RRa = 1,37; 95% CI = 1,29-1,46; P = 0,000).

Kesimpulan: Anak-anak di pedesaan Indonesia yang melakukan kunjungan antenatal dan neonatal lebih mempunyai kemungkinan mendapatkan imunisasi dasar lengkap.  (Health Science Indones 2014;2:73-7)

Kata kunci: imunisasi dasar lengkap, kunjungan antenatal dan neonatal, pedesaan

Abstract

Background: The children who had complete basic immunization status in rural areas in Indonesia was lower than in urban areas. This study assessed the association of antenatal and neonatal visits with complete immunization status among children aged 12-23 months in rural area of Indonesia.

Methods: The assessment used a part data of the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas). The sub- samples consisted of children aged 12-23 months livedin rural area. Out of the 8747 children aged 12-23 months who lived in rural area, 5452 children had complete data for the analysis. Complete basic immunization status based on record on immunization card and mother’s recall. Cox regression analysis with constant time was used for the analysis.

Results: Out of 5452 children, 52.8% (2880/5452) had completed the basic immunization. Dominant factors related to basic complete immunization status were antenatal and neonatal visit, wealth index, mother’s education, and mother’s occupation. Compared with those who did not antenatal visit, those who had antenatal visit had 38% to be more complete basic immunization [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.27 - 1.50; P = 0.000]. In term of neonatal visit, those who had neonatal visit had 37% to be more complete basic immunization compare to those who did not have neonatal visit (RRa = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.29 - 1.46; P = 0.000).

Conclusion: In Indonesia rural areas the children who had antenatal and neonatal visits tend to have more complete basic immunization status. (Health Science Indones 2014;2:73-7)

Key words: complete basic immunization, antenatal and neonatal visits, rural