effect of ketofol on pain and complication after caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Introduction: Pain is the key concern of women after caesarean delivery that may interfere with breastfeeding. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess effect of ketofol (ketamine/propofol combination) on pain and complication after caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia. Materials and Methods: In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 92 parturient scheduled for elective caesarean delivery under spinal anaesthesia were included. The simple random sampling method was used to place subjects in four groups of ketamine (0.25 mg/kg), propofol (0.25 mg/kg), ketofol (25 mg ketamine plus 25 mg propofol) and placebo (saline). The drugs were administered intravenously immediately after clamping the umbilical cord. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to determine the intensity of pain. Complications after surgery including shivering, nausea and vomiting as well as onset of breastfeeding were recorded. Results: The mean score of pain, morphine consumption and time of breastfeeding in the ketofol group were significantly lower than other groups at various intervals (p<0.05, p<0.001). The frequencies of shivering, nausea, vomiting, retention and pruritus in the ketofol group were significantly lower than other groups (p<0.001, p<0.05) Conclusion: The effective role of ketofol on reducing pain and complication after caesarean delivery indicated that it can be considered as a safe and alternative drug in these patients.