hematoma após anestesia peridural: tratamento conservador. relato de caso hematoma posterior a la anestesia peridural: tratamiento conservador. relato de caso hematoma after epidural anesthesia: conservative treatment. case report
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Abstract
JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: O hematoma asociado a la compresión espinal después de la anestesia peridural es una complicación neurológica grave, a pesar de la pequeña incidencia relatada (1:150.000). Es un episodio agudo y el tratamiento tradicionalmente aplicado es la descompresión quirúrgica de urgencia. Recientemente, en casos específicos, el tratamiento con corticosteroide ha sido aplicado como alternativa y con una buena recuperación neurológica. El objetivo de este relato fue exponer un caso de hematoma peridural con tratamiento conservador y recuperación neurológica completa. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente del sexo femenino, 34 años, estado físico ASA I, sin ningún historial de coagulopatía o terapia anticoagulante, sometida a la anestesia peridural con punción única, en L2-L3, para tratamiento quirúrgico de várices en los miembros inferiores. Ocho horas después de la anestesia regional, todavía presentaba bloqueo motor completo (escala de Bromage), reducción de las sensibilidades térmica y dolorosa por debajo del nivel L3, hiperalgesia en la región plantar izquierda, preservación de los reflejos tendinosos y ausencia de dolor lumbar. La tomografía computadorizada reveló hematoma peridural en L2 con compresión del saco dural. Diez horas después de la punción peridural no había progresión de las señales y síntomas neurológicos. Se optó entonces por el tratamiento con metilprednisolona en infusión venosa continua (5,3 mg.kg-1 en la primera hora y 1,4 mg.kg-1.h-1 en las 23 horas siguientes). Ocho horas después del inicio del tratamiento, la paciente recuperó las sensibilidades térmica y dolorosa y la regresión total del bloqueo motor. En la 12ª hora, deambulaba y refería dolor en la herida operada. El hematoma peridural no se visualizó en una nueva tomografía computadorizada en la 14ª hora después del inicio del tratamiento. La paciente recibió alta hospitalaria 86 horas después del inicio del tratamiento conservador, sin comprometimiento neurológico. Una tomografía computadorizada de control después de 7 meses, mostró el canal vertebral completamente normal. CONCLUSIONES: La eficiencia del abordaje conservadora fue una alternativa importante para la intervención quirúrgica en casos específicos. La evaluación de la progresión o estabilización del comprometimiento neurológico, particularmente después de la 8ª hora posterior a la punción peridural, es esencial para la elección del tratamiento.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hematoma associated with spinal compression after epidural anesthesia is a severe neurological complication, despite the reduced incidence reported (1:150,000). It is an acute episode and the traditional treatment includes urgent surgical decompression. More recently, treatment with corticosteroids has been used as an alternative, in specific cases, with good neurological resolution. The objective of this report was to present the case of an epidural hematoma treated conservatively with complete neurological recovery. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 34 years old, ASA physical status I, with no prior history of bleeding disorders or anticlotting treatment, underwent epidural anesthesia at the L2-L3 level for the surgical treatment of lower limb varicose veins. Eight hours after the regional anesthesia, the patient still presented complete motor blockade (Bromage scale), reduction of thermal and pain sensitivity below L3, hyperalgesia in the left plantar region, preserved tendon reflexes, and absence of lumbar pain. A CT scan showed an epidural hematoma in L2, with compression of the dural sac. Ten hours after the epidural puncture, there was no regression of neurological signs and symptoms. It was decided, then, to treat the patient with a continuous infusion of methylprednisolone (5.3 mg.kg-1 in the first hour and 1.4 mg.kg-1.h-1 in the following 23 hours). Eight hours after the beginning of the treatment, the patient recovered thermal and pain sensitivity and presented total regression of the motor blockade. On the 12th hour, she was walking and complained of pain in the surgical wound. The epidural hematoma was not visualized in a CT scan done 14 hours after the beginning of the treatment. The patient was discharged 86 hours after the beginning of the treatment without neurological deficits. A CT scan done after 7 months showed a completely normal spinal canal. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of the conservative approach demonstrated that it is an important alternative to surgery in specific cases. The evaluation of the progression or stabilization of the neurological deficit, especially 8 hours after the epidural puncture, is essential in choosing the treatment.
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magalhes2007revistahematoma
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| Authors | ;Edno Magalhães;Cátia Sousa Govêia;Luís Cláudio de Araújo Ladeira;Laura Elisa Sócio de Queiroz |
| Journal | methods in molecular biology (clifton, nj) |
| Year | 2007 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0034-70942007000200007
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