eficiência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares isolados de solos de áreas de mineração de bauxita no crescimento inicial de espécies nativas efficiency of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi isolated from bauxite mine spoils on seedling growth of native woody species
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2008
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Abstract
Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs), estabelecendo simbioses eficientes com plantas, desempenham papel importante na sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas e podem ser manejados para a revegetação bem sucedida de áreas degradadas. A eficiência da simbiose está relacionada não só aos genótipos dos simbiontes, i.e, FMA e espécie vegetal, como também às condições ambientais que influenciam a expressão da relação simbiótica. Assim, o primeiro passo visando ao manejo de simbioses eficientes é estudar a variabilidade de FMAs quanto à eficiência com diferentes espécies vegetais. Neste estudo, avaliaram-se a colonização micorrízica e a eficiência simbiótica de isolados de FMAs obtidos de áreas de mineração de bauxita em reabilitação em dois ambientes (campo e serra), no crescimento de mudas de duas espécies pioneiras [aroeira (Schinus terebenthifolius) e trema (Trema micrantha)] e de duas espécies secundárias iniciais [açoita-cavalo (Luehea grandiflora) e sesbânia (Sesbania virgata)], em solo de baixa fertilidade. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, por 120 dias. Para cada espécie vegetal, foram aplicados 10 tratamentos de inoculação com FMAs (isolados de FMAs ou de sua mistura): Acaulospora longula, Paraglomus occultum, Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., Acaulospora spinosa e a mistura destes, todos oriundos de área de campo; e Acaulospora scrobiculata, Paraglomus occultum, Glomus sp. e a mistura destes, todos oriundos de área de serra. Para comparação, foram acrescentados ainda um tratamento-referência inoculado com Glomus etunicatum eficiente e um tratamento não-inoculado como controle. Plantas de todas as espécies apresentaram crescimento reduzido na ausência de FMAs (controle), porém beneficiaram-se de modo diferenciado dos tratamentos de inoculação. Todos os isolados, ou sua mistura, foram eficientes em promover o crescimento de sesbânia, enquanto para trema e aroeira somente um isolado de Glomus sp. não foi eficiente. Para o açoita-cavalo, os dois isolados de Glomus sp. estudados foram ineficientes. Nenhum dos FMAs isolados da área de mineração de bauxita promoveu crescimento superior ao obtido com o tratamento-referência com G. etunicatum. No entanto, os isolados do campo Gigaspora sp., Paraglomus occultum e Acaulospora spinosa foram tão eficientes quanto G. etunicatum em promover crescimento das quatro espécies vegetais. Os resultados indicam que mesmo áreas tão degradadas como aquelas submetidas à mineração de bauxita podem conter populações de FMA eficientes, que podem contribuir para reabilitação da área.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establishing efficient symbiosis with plants play an important role on ecosystem sustainability and can be useful for revegetation of degraded lands. Symbiotic efficiency is related to AMF genotypes and plant species, as well as to environmental conditions that may affect the expression of symbiotic relationships. Thus, the first step to an efficient AMF symbiosis management is to study fungal variability regarding the efficiency with different host species. In this study root colonization and efficiency of several AMF isolates, obtained from bauxite minespoil areas from two distinct environments ("serra" and "campo"), were evaluated for seedling growth of pioneer species [aroeira (Schinus terebenthifolius) and trema (Trema micrantha)], and secondary species [açoita-cavalo (Luehea grandiflora) and sesbânia (Sesbania virgata)], in a low fertility soil. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, for 120 days. Each plant species, was treated with ten AMF inoculation types (AMF isolates or their mixtures): Acaulospora longula, Paraglomus occultum, Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., Acaulospora spinosa, and the mixture of all "campo" species; Acaulospora scrobiculata, Paraglomus occultum, Glomus sp. and the mixture of all "serra" species. For a comparison two additional treatments were included: one inoculated with efficient Glomus etunicatum, as reference, and an uninoculated treatment, as control. The growth of all plant species was lower in the absence of AMF whereas AMF inoculation enhanced plant growth. Benefits varied according to isolates and plant species. All tested isolates or their mixtures were efficient in sesbânia, while only one Glomus sp. was inefficient for trema and aroeira and both Glomus sp. isolates were inefficient for açoita-cavalo. It was found that no isolate from bauxite mine spoil was more efficient than Glomus etunicatum. However, several isolates from campo (Gigaspora sp., Paraglomus occultum and Acaulospora spinosa) were as efficient as G. etunicatum for all hosts. These results show that degraded land, i.e., bauxite mine spoils can have efficient AMF populations which may contribute to land rehabilitation.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establishing efficient symbiosis with plants play an important role on ecosystem sustainability and can be useful for revegetation of degraded lands. Symbiotic efficiency is related to AMF genotypes and plant species, as well as to environmental conditions that may affect the expression of symbiotic relationships. Thus, the first step to an efficient AMF symbiosis management is to study fungal variability regarding the efficiency with different host species. In this study root colonization and efficiency of several AMF isolates, obtained from bauxite minespoil areas from two distinct environments ("serra" and "campo"), were evaluated for seedling growth of pioneer species [aroeira (Schinus terebenthifolius) and trema (Trema micrantha)], and secondary species [açoita-cavalo (Luehea grandiflora) and sesbânia (Sesbania virgata)], in a low fertility soil. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, for 120 days. Each plant species, was treated with ten AMF inoculation types (AMF isolates or their mixtures): Acaulospora longula, Paraglomus occultum, Glomus sp., Gigaspora sp., Acaulospora spinosa, and the mixture of all "campo" species; Acaulospora scrobiculata, Paraglomus occultum, Glomus sp. and the mixture of all "serra" species. For a comparison two additional treatments were included: one inoculated with efficient Glomus etunicatum, as reference, and an uninoculated treatment, as control. The growth of all plant species was lower in the absence of AMF whereas AMF inoculation enhanced plant growth. Benefits varied according to isolates and plant species. All tested isolates or their mixtures were efficient in sesbânia, while only one Glomus sp. was inefficient for trema and aroeira and both Glomus sp. isolates were inefficient for açoita-cavalo. It was found that no isolate from bauxite mine spoil was more efficient than Glomus etunicatum. However, several isolates from campo (Gigaspora sp., Paraglomus occultum and Acaulospora spinosa) were as efficient as G. etunicatum for all hosts. These results show that degraded land, i.e., bauxite mine spoils can have efficient AMF populations which may contribute to land rehabilitation.
| Reference Key |
santos2008revistaeficincia
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| Authors | ;José Geraldo Donizetti Santos;José Osvaldo Siqueira;Fátima Maria de Souza Moreira |
| Journal | Revista de saude publica |
| Year | 2008 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0100-06832008000100014
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| URL | |
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