crianças e jovens, atores sociais na escola: como os compreender? children and young people as social actors in school: how to understand them?
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Abstract
Este texto apresenta uma reflexão sobre o processo metodológico que iniciei por ocasião de pesquisas que venho fazendo há 12 anos sobre a socialização das crianças e dos jovens de níveis diversos de escolarização. A preocupação de me liberar do "adultocentrismo", que muitas vezes impede de aceder às categorias específicas da experiência social infantil, levou-me a utilizar instrumentos de pesquisa que escolhi múltiplos e adaptados a atores socais em toda a extensão da palavra. Crianças e jovens não se comportam como adultos acabados, são, porém, tanto quanto estes, desejosos de analisar e de redefinir no seu próprio interesse as coerções situacionais sobre eles exercidas individualmente ou coletivamente. Para entender as tribulações que assim enfrentam como o sentido que eles lhes dão, utilizei, de modo geral, entrevistas inspiradas em métodos etnográficos, mas criei também cenários a partir dos quais crianças podem exprimir perfeitamente conceitos, já bem elaborados, sobre a justiça e a vida pública. O estudo de incidentes-chave ou de "negócios" levando-os a enfrentar atores adultos permitiu-me igualmente apresentar algumas propostas sobre as diversas maneiras que eles têm de viver juntos em diferentes momentos da escolaridade. Enfim a importância dada ao objeto do trabalho escolar, como a redação de textos "longos", permitiu-me abordar a relação aos "saberes" de um ponto de vista que a narração da experiência, somente, oculta de modo geral. Em todas essas pesquisas, esforcei-me igualmente a não opô-las; tentei, de preferência, conciliar pontos de vista qualitativos com tratamentos quantitativos na esperança de ter acesso simultaneamente ao significativo e ao representativo.
This article presents a reflexive analysis of the methods of investigation that I have used over twelve years of research on children and youth socialisation at different school levels. The desire to free myself from an "adult-centred" position that prevents researchers to reach the specific categories of children's social experience has led me to develop multiple research tools adapted to these social actors. Children do not behave, it is true, as accomplished adults, but they wish, as them, to analyse and redefine at their advantage the situational constraints that they meet individually or collectively. To understand the trials they are confronted to and the meaning they give to them I have used ethnographic interviews, but I have also conceived scripts from which children can perfectly express well-developed conceptions of justice and politics. The analysis of key incidents or "affairs" that confront children to adults has also allowed me to put forward some propositions concerning their group sociability at different points in their school careers. Finally, the examination of some dimensions of schoolwork such as "long" written texts has led me to analyse a relationship to school "knowledge" that life stories usually neglect. In all these research studies, I have tried to combine qualitative and quantitative approaches rather than opposing them in the hope of both gaining insight and being able to generalise.
This article presents a reflexive analysis of the methods of investigation that I have used over twelve years of research on children and youth socialisation at different school levels. The desire to free myself from an "adult-centred" position that prevents researchers to reach the specific categories of children's social experience has led me to develop multiple research tools adapted to these social actors. Children do not behave, it is true, as accomplished adults, but they wish, as them, to analyse and redefine at their advantage the situational constraints that they meet individually or collectively. To understand the trials they are confronted to and the meaning they give to them I have used ethnographic interviews, but I have also conceived scripts from which children can perfectly express well-developed conceptions of justice and politics. The analysis of key incidents or "affairs" that confront children to adults has also allowed me to put forward some propositions concerning their group sociability at different points in their school careers. Finally, the examination of some dimensions of schoolwork such as "long" written texts has led me to analyse a relationship to school "knowledge" that life stories usually neglect. In all these research studies, I have tried to combine qualitative and quantitative approaches rather than opposing them in the hope of both gaining insight and being able to generalise.
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rayou2005educaocrianas
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| Authors | ;Patrick Rayou |
| Journal | current computer-aided drug design |
| Year | 2005 |
| DOI |
10.1590/S0101-73302005000200009
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