shortwave radiative forcing, rapid adjustment, and feedback to the surface by sulfate geoengineering: analysis of the geoengineering model intercomparison project g4 scenario
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ID: 138497
2017
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Abstract
This study evaluates the forcing, rapid adjustment, and feedback of net
shortwave radiation at the surface in the G4 experiment of the Geoengineering
Model Intercomparison Project by analysing outputs from six participating
models. G4 involves injection of 5 Tg yr−1 of SO2, a
sulfate aerosol precursor, into the lower stratosphere from year 2020 to 2069
against a background scenario of RCP4.5. A single-layer atmospheric
model for shortwave radiative transfer is used to estimate the direct forcing
of solar radiation management (SRM), and rapid adjustment and feedbacks from
changes in the water vapour amount, cloud amount, and surface albedo
(compared with RCP4.5). The analysis shows that the globally and temporally
averaged SRM forcing ranges from −3.6 to −1.6 W m−2, depending
on the model. The sum of the rapid adjustments and feedback effects due to
changes in the water vapour and cloud amounts increase the downwelling
shortwave radiation at the surface by approximately 0.4 to 1.5 W m−2
and hence weaken the effect of SRM by around 50 %. The
surface albedo changes decrease the net shortwave radiation at the surface;
it is locally strong (∼ −4 W m−2) in snow and sea ice melting
regions, but minor for the global average. The analyses show that the results
of the G4 experiment, which simulates sulfate geoengineering, include large
inter-model variability both in the direct SRM forcing and the shortwave
rapid adjustment from change in the cloud amount, and imply a high
uncertainty in modelled processes of sulfate aerosols and clouds.
| Reference Key |
kashimura2017atmosphericshortwave
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|---|---|
| Authors | ;H. Kashimura;M. Abe;S. Watanabe;T. Sekiya;D. Ji;J. C. Moore;J. N. S. Cole;B. Kravitz |
| Journal | Journal of agricultural and food chemistry |
| Year | 2017 |
| DOI |
10.5194/acp-17-3339-2017
|
| URL | |
| Keywords |
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