СТАТУС ХАТНЬОЇ РОБІТНИЦІ В УРБАНІЗОВАНОМУ СОЦІУМІ УКРАЇНИ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТ. / homeworkers status in ukrainian urbanized society at first part of xx century
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Abstract
Борисенко Мирослав. Статус домашней работницы в урбанизированном социуме Украины в первой половине ХХ ст. Цель исследования: социальное положение домашних работников в связи с урабанизационными процессами
в городах Украины. Статья посвящена малоизученной проблеме в украинской историографии. Научная новизна. Это
первая попытка в украинской историографии описать повседневную жизнь украинских служанок как отдельного социального слоя. Методы. Автор изучает социальный статус «невидимой» социальной группы – прислуги используя историко-антропологические подходы к пониманию истории. В то время женщины не имели возможности найти хорошую работу в городе и подвергались эксплуатации и неравенству. Домашняя работа была одним из немногих способов для женщин адаптироваться во враждебных городах. Выводы. Многие служанки работали нелегально, без соглашений и это
было главной причиной конфликтов. Прислуга не имела собственного жилища и проживала в квартирах вместе с работодателями. Прислуга получала больше власти в домашнем пространстве, но в публичной сфере ее социальное положение
было очень низким.Borysenko Myroslav. Homeworkers status in Ukrainian
urbanized society at first part of XX century. Aim of investigation. The article is devoted to the study of the status of maids in the
conditions of the urbanized space of Ukraine at the first half of the
twentieth century. The purpose of the study is todemonstrate the
connection social status and household development at the first half
of the twentieth century. The author analyses the economic and
political status of domestic workers according to their household
environment. The author uses anthropological approaches in his
study, which is typical of the history of everyday life. The article is
dedicated to unfamiliar problem in Ukrainian history science. The
author explores social status of invisible social group – the servants. It is first attempt to describe the ordinary life of Ukrainian
maids as a separately strata of society. In those time women has not
opportunity to find good job in the city and they have been oppressed and unequal. Home working was one of the not numerous
way for women adoption in the not hospitality cites. Many maids
worked illegally without any agreement and it was a first reason for
the conflicts. The servants have not own dwelling and they lived in
apartments with employers. Servants have going more power in
home space but them social rank in public space was too low.
Scientific novelty. For the first time in Ukrainian historiography the status of domestic workers in Ukraine in the interwar period was considered. The author first demonstrated the difference
between the wages of domestic workers in large and small cities.
Also, in the article on the basis of archival materials, for the first
time, is reflected the social character of employers in domestic
work in Soviet Ukraine. The author also is substantiated his vision
of the causes of the decline of the Institute of domestic workers in
Ukraine. Conclusions. The article shows the lack of fundamental
research on the problems of domestic work in modern Ukrainian
historical science. Also in the work proved that workers in industrial cities were the main consumers of services of maids. The main
reason for the low social status of maids was their ambivalent position in society and family.
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