Characterizing Periodic Messaging Interventions Across Health Behaviors and Media: Systematic Review

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2014
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Abstract
Background: Periodic prompts serve as tools for health behavior interventions to encourage and maintain behavior changes. Past literature reviews have examined periodic messages targeting specific behaviors (smoking, physical activity, diet, etc) or media (telephone, email, face-to-face, newsletter, etc) and have found them to be effective in impacting health behavior in the short term. Objective: Our goal was to review the literature related to periodic messaging and prompts in order to explore typical characteristics, assess the role of prompt timing, identify common theoretical models used, and identify characteristics associated with the effectiveness of periodic prompts. Methods: Electronic searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science were conducted in October 2012 and May 2013. Database search terms included variant terms for periods, prompts, interventions, media, and health behaviors. Results: Forty-two of the 55 included research articles found that prompts resulted in significant positive behavioral outcomes for participants. Prompts were delivered via text messages, email, mailed communications, and in a few instances via phone. Generally, the provision of feedback and specific strategies to accomplish behavior change appears to be important for the success of periodic prompts. Rationale for prompt timing was rarely provided, although some studies did organize message content around days of the week or times perceived to be high risk for particular behaviors. Smoking cessation interventions tended to be organized around quit date. Among studies using theoretical models to inform their interventions, the transtheoretical model was most common. Conclusions: Periodic messaging interventions yield positive results for short-term health behavior changes. Interventions including feedback and prompts that included strategies were more likely to report significantly positive outcomes. Work remains to better understand elements that make periodic prompts successful and whether they are effective in producing long-term outcomes. [J Med Internet Res 2014;16(3):e93]
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cohen2014journalcharacterizing Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Joanna E Cohen;
Journal Journal of medical Internet research
Year 2014
DOI
doi:10.2196/jmir.2837
URL
https://www.jmir.org/2014/3/e93/
Keywords
health behavior review medical Internet research medicine journal ehealth JMIR open access publishing medical research medical informaticsprompts periodic messaging systematic systematic review National Center for Biotechnology Information NCBI NLM MEDLINE review humans pubmed abstract nih national institutes of health national library of medicine research support non-u.s. gov't adult female male pmid:24667840 PMC3978550 doi:10.2196/jmir.2837 Elaine De Leon Laura W Fuentes Joanna E Cohen Electronic Mail* Health Behavior* Health Promotion / methods* Postal Service* Reminder Systems* Telephone Text Messaging*

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