Normas y estándares aplicables a los campos electromagnéticos de radiofrecuencias en América Latina: guía para los límites de exposición y los protocolos de medición Norms and standards for radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in Latin America: guidelines for exposure limits and measurement protocols
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2006
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Abstract
Las nuevas tecnologías que utilizan campos electromagnéticos (CEM) ofrecen a la humanidad inmensos beneficios. Además de emplearse en la transmisión de energía eléctrica, las telecomunicaciones y en equipos industriales, médicos y electrodomésticos, los CEM tienen otras muchas y muy diversas aplicaciones. Algunos estudios demuestran que la exposición a los CEM podría producir efectos adversos a la salud, como cáncer y cambios en el comportamiento de las personas. Aunque hasta el presente no se ha demostrado que la exposición a CEM de baja intensidad provoque estos efectos, se trabaja por lograr un consenso científico al respecto y por establecer normas de seguridad adecuadas. La responsabilidad de desarrollar y promover los estándares de seguridad ha recaído fundamentalmente en organizaciones y agencias especializadas reconocidas internacionalmente; sin embargo, las autoridades sanitarias nacionales deben participar activamente en ese proceso. La Organización Panamericana de la Salud ha decidido promover investigaciones científicas y epidemiológicas con vistas a proponer guías y estándares armonizados. Algunos países de América Latina, como Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México, Perú y Venezuela ya cuentan con leyes específicas, aunque generalmente parciales o incompletas, basadas en las recomendaciones internacionales. En este artículo se describen las normas establecidas en América Latina y se analizan los diferentes enfoques de cada una de ellas.
New technologies that use electromagnetic fields (EMF) have proved greatly beneficial to humankind. EMF are used in a variety of ways in the transmission of electrical energy and in telecommunications, industry, and medicine. However, some studies have shown that EMF could be detrimental to one's health, having found an association between exposure to EMF on the one hand, and the incidence of some types of cancer as well as behavioral changes on the other. Although so far there is no concrete proof that exposure to low-intensity EMF is hazardous, researchers continue to study the issue in an attempt to reach a consensus opinion and to establish safety standards. While developing and establishing such norms and standards have traditionally been the responsibility of international specialized agencies, national health authorities should take an active part in this process. Currently the Pan American Health Organization is promoting scientific research, often in the form of epidemiologic studies, in order to propose uniform norms and standards. Some Latin American countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela, have already enacted incomplete or partial legislation based on recommended international standards. This article describes the norms established in Latin America and the particular approach taken by each country.
New technologies that use electromagnetic fields (EMF) have proved greatly beneficial to humankind. EMF are used in a variety of ways in the transmission of electrical energy and in telecommunications, industry, and medicine. However, some studies have shown that EMF could be detrimental to one's health, having found an association between exposure to EMF on the one hand, and the incidence of some types of cancer as well as behavioral changes on the other. Although so far there is no concrete proof that exposure to low-intensity EMF is hazardous, researchers continue to study the issue in an attempt to reach a consensus opinion and to establish safety standards. While developing and establishing such norms and standards have traditionally been the responsibility of international specialized agencies, national health authorities should take an active part in this process. Currently the Pan American Health Organization is promoting scientific research, often in the form of epidemiologic studies, in order to propose uniform norms and standards. Some Latin American countries, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela, have already enacted incomplete or partial legislation based on recommended international standards. This article describes the norms established in Latin America and the particular approach taken by each country.
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skvarca2006normasrevista
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| Authors | Skvarca, Jorge;Aguirre, Aníbal; |
| Journal | revista panamericana de salud pública |
| Year | 2006 |
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