O Paquistão e as estratégias ocidentais para a Ásia Meridional
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2003
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Abstract
Confrontadas com o risco de guerra nuclear entre o Paquistão e a Índia, as potências ocidentais têm procurado exercer algum controle sobre os acontecimentos no Sul da Ásia; instaram os dois países a encetar negociações bilaterais, promoveram a não-proliferação e aplicaram sanções de tempos em tempos. O Paquistão é muito sensível às políticas ocidentais, sobretudo às dos Estados Unidos, porém nunca abriu mão de dois critérios fundamentais de sua política externa: a exigência de autodeterminação para a Cachemira e a dissuasão nuclear. Os Estados Unidos agora mostram um poder e uma influência incontrastáveis, mas após a crise do Iraque a unidade das grandes potências revela fissuras. Ao mesmo tempo, o retorno ao regime civil e parlamentar no Paquistão aumenta a força dos partidos nacionalistas e islâmicos, que querem conter a influência dos Estados Unidos e ampliar os laços com a França, a Alemanha, a Rússia e a China. Nesse novo e fluido ambiente político, a evolução das relações entre o Paquistão e a Índia terá forte impacto sobre as estratégias ocidentais para o Sul da Ásia e para o mundo em geral.
Faced with the risk of a nuclear conflict between Pakistan and India, the Western powers have tried to exert a measure of control upon events in South Asia; they urged those two countries to start bilateral negotiations, promoted non-proliferation, and from time to time applied sanctions. Pakistan is very sensitive to Western policies, above all those of the United States, but it never gave up two fundamental criteria of its foreign policy: the demand of self-determination for Kashmir and nuclear deterrence. The United States now shows unmatched power and influence, but after the Iraqi crisis the unity of the great powers became shaky. At the same time the return to a civilian and parliamentarian regime in Pakistan added strength to the nationalist and Islamic parties, which want to contain United States influence and favour increased links with France, Germany, Russia, and China. In this new, fluid political environment, the evolution of Indian-Pakistani relations will have a strong impact on Western strategies for South Asia and for the world at large.
Faced with the risk of a nuclear conflict between Pakistan and India, the Western powers have tried to exert a measure of control upon events in South Asia; they urged those two countries to start bilateral negotiations, promoted non-proliferation, and from time to time applied sanctions. Pakistan is very sensitive to Western policies, above all those of the United States, but it never gave up two fundamental criteria of its foreign policy: the demand of self-determination for Kashmir and nuclear deterrence. The United States now shows unmatched power and influence, but after the Iraqi crisis the unity of the great powers became shaky. At the same time the return to a civilian and parliamentarian regime in Pakistan added strength to the nationalist and Islamic parties, which want to contain United States influence and favour increased links with France, Germany, Russia, and China. In this new, fluid political environment, the evolution of Indian-Pakistani relations will have a strong impact on Western strategies for South Asia and for the world at large.
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| Authors | Júnior, Abelardo Arantes; |
| Journal | revista brasileira de política internacional |
| Year | 2003 |
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