The Burden of Serious Fungal Infections in Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia has a population of 6 million people who have high mortality rates for chronic lung diseases. The mountainous geography, widespread use of biomass fuels for cooking and indoor heating, and high rates of smoking are the major contributing factors. We have estimated the number of serious fungal infections in order to define the burden of these diseases in Kyrgyzstan. We estimated 774 cases of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) as a sequel of tuberculosis (TB); CPA occurs as a sequel of multiple conditions, so a total prevalence of 3097 cases was estimated, which is among the highest rates in the world. An estimated 2205 patients have allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and 2911 have severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS), which may be an underestimate. There are approximately 292 cases of invasive aspergillosis annually. The number of adult women who get recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis is 175,949. We approximated 787 cases of oral and 294 cases of esophageal candidiasis, 25 cases of cryptococcal meningitis, and 101 cases of Pneumocystis pneumonia annually in HIV-positive patients. The incidence of candidemia was estimated at 300. We have estimated that a total of 185,961 people (3% of the population) have serious fungal infection in Kyrgyzstan. Given this burden, diagnostic improvements are necessary.