Vulnerability of Renters and Low-Income Households to Storm Damage: Evidence From Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico.

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2019
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Abstract
To identify disparities in home damage from Hurricane Maria among Puerto Rican households with different housing tenure and income levels. Using household inspection data obtained by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), including an ordinal damage severity measure, we used generalized ordered logistic regression to estimate the relative risks of damage severities between renters and homeowners, and between households with different incomes. With respect to the FEMA damage-severity classifications of "minor," "major," and "destroyed," renters were more at risk than homeowners for both "major-or-destroyed" and "destroyed" outcomes. Similarly, lower-income households were at greater risk for both "major-or-destroyed" and "destroyed" outcomes. When we allowed for an interaction between income and housing tenure, the difference in risk of "destroyed" outcomes between renters and homeowners was substantially greater at lower income levels. These results provide evidence at the individual household level that renters and lower-income households are most vulnerable to hurricane damage. Our interaction results suggest that lower-income renters are particularly vulnerable to severe home damage. Disaster preparedness policies should raise structural standards for low-income housing to reduce risks of severe damage. (. Published online ahead of print December 19, 2019: e1-e7. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305438).
Reference Key
ma2019vulnerabilityamerican Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Ma, Chenyi;Smith, Tony;
Journal American journal of public health
Year 2019
DOI
10.2105/AJPH.2019.305438
URL
Keywords
United States vulnerability poverty homelessness qualitative interviews aging in place critical geographical gerontology environmental gerontology

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