Phylogeography and population genetics of pine butterflies: Sky islands increase genetic divergence.

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ID: 73061
2019
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Abstract
The sky islands of southeastern Arizona (AZ) mark a major transition zone between tropical and temperate biota and are considered a neglected biodiversity hotspot. Dispersal ability and host plant specificity are thought to impact the history and diversity of insect populations across the sky islands. We aimed to investigate the population structure and phylogeography of two pine-feeding pierid butterflies, the pine white () and the Mexican pine white (), restricted to these "islands" at this transition zone. Given their dependence on pines as the larval hosts, we hypothesized that habitat connectivity affects population structure and is at least in part responsible for their allopatry. We sampled DNA from freshly collected butterflies from 17 sites in the sky islands and adjacent high-elevation habitats and sequenced these samples using ddRADSeq. Up to 15,399 SNPs were discovered and analyzed in population genetic and phylogenetic contexts with Stacks and pyRAD pipelines. Low genetic differentiation in suggests that it is panmictic. Conversely, there is strong evidence for population structure within . Each sky island likely contains a population of , and clustering is hierarchical, with populations on proximal mountains being more related to each other. The habitat, which is largely contiguous, facilitates panmixia, while the habitat, restricted to the higher elevations on each sky island, creates distinct population structure. Phylogenetic results corroborate those from population genetic analyses. The historical climate-driven fluxes in forest habitat connectivity have implications for understanding the biodiversity of fragmented habitats.
Reference Key
halbritter2019phylogeographyecology Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Halbritter, Dale A;Storer, Caroline G;Kawahara, Akito Y;Daniels, Jaret C;
Journal Ecology and evolution
Year 2019
DOI
10.1002/ece3.5793
URL
Keywords
phylogeny population pinus neophasia pieridae ddradseq

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