Ecological and human health risk of sulfonamides in surface water and groundwater of Huixian karst wetland in Guilin, China.

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ID: 70149
2019
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Abstract
Sulfonamide antibiotics are contaminants of emerging concern (CEC). These CECs raise considerable alarm because they are commonly present in water environments. Studies on the environmental existence of CECs in karst areas of Guilin (Southern China) have yet to be reported. Thus, this study aims to investigate the presence, temporal and spatial distributions of sulfonamides in surface water and groundwater of four major aquatic environments (i.e., aquafarm water, ditch water, wetland water, and groundwater) in the Huixian karst wetland system of Guilin. Furthermore, this study aims to determine the ecological and human health risks of individual sulfonamides and their mixtures. Ten sulfonamides (i.e., sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine, trimethoprim, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadimethoxine, and sulfaquinoxaline) were observed in the study area. The highest average concentrations of aquafarm water, ditch water, wetland water, and groundwater were those of sulfadiazine (48.24 μg/L), sulfamethoxypyridazine (1281.50 μg/L), sulfamethoxazole (51.14 μg/L), and sulfamethazine (20.06 μg/L), respectively. The potential ecological risks of the detected compounds were much higher in ditch water than in aquafarm water, wetland water, and groundwater. The most ecological risks were observed for sulfachloropyridazine with a risk quotient (RQ) reaching 335.5 to green algae and 152 to Daphnia magna in ditch water. Similarly, sulfachloropyridazine posed the highest ecological risks to green algae among the ten sulfonamides in aquafarm water (RQ = 3.39), wetland water (RQ = 2.98), and groundwater (RQ = 3.6). Human health risk for age groups<12 months was observed from sulfonamide in drinking groundwater. Ecological and human health risks caused by sulfonamide mixtures were larger than the individual risks. Overall, ecological and human health risks caused by sulfonamides were observed in the study area.
Reference Key
qin2019ecologicalthe Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Qin, Li-Tang;Pang, Xin-Rui;Zeng, Hong-Hu;Liang, Yan-Peng;Mo, Ling-Yun;Wang, Dun-Qiu;Dai, Jun-Feng;
Journal The Science of the total environment
Year 2019
DOI
S0048-9697(19)34543-7
URL
Keywords
risk assessment antibiotics sulfonamide huixian wetland

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