In vitro antibacterial activity of crude extracts of 9 selected medicinal plants against UTI causing MDR bacteria

Aktivitas antibakteri *in vitro* ekstrak kasar dari 9 tanaman obat terpilih terhadap bakteri MDR penyebab ISK

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ID: 69493
2017
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Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) has become a more grievous problem today, due to multidrug resistance of infecting Gram-positive (GP) and Gram-negative (GN) bacteria, sometimes even with multiple infections. This study examines effectivity of 9 tropical flowering plants (Anogeissus acuminata, Azadirachta indica, Bauhinia variegata, Boerhaavia diffusa, Punica granatum, Soymida febrifuga, Terminalia chebula, Tinospora cordifolia and Tribulus terrestris) for possible use as source of antimicrobials for multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria, along with main-stream antibiotics. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from urine samples of patients attending and admitted in the hospital. Antibiograms of 11 isolated bacteria (GPs, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus; and GNs, Acinetobacter baumannii, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were ascertained by the disc-diffusion method, and antibacterial effectivity of plant extracts was monitored by the agar-well diffusion method. Isolated bacteria were floridly MDR to most antibiotics of the day. Methanol extracts of 9 plants were used, and extracts of 3 plants, A. acuminata, P. granatum and S. febrifuga at least caused 25–29 mm as the maximum size of zone of inhibition on bacterial lawns. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of methanol extracts of 9 plants were recorded. The methanol extract of A. acuminata had 0.29 mg/ml as the lowest MIC value and 0.67 mg/ml as the lowest MBC value, against MDR S. aureus, signifying effectivity; but, it had the highest MIC value of 3.41 mg/ml. and the highest MBC value of 4.27 mg/ml for most other MDR bacteria including E. coli. Qualitative phytochemical analysis was done for these 9 plants and information on leading phytochemicals was presented retrieved from PubChem database. Thus, three effective-most plants in controlling MDR-UTI bacteria in vitro were A. acuminata, P. granatum and S. febrifuga, which can be promoted as complementary medicine.
Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) kini telah menjadi masalah yang kian berat akibat resistensi multiobat dari bakteri penginfeksi Gram-positif (GP) dan Gram-negatif (GN), yang terkadang bahkan disertai dengan infeksi ganda. Penelitian ini menguji efektivitas 9 tumbuhan berbunga tropis (*Anogeissus acuminata*, *Azadirachta indica*, *Bauhinia variegata*, *Boerhaavia diffusa*, *Punica granatum*, *Soymida febrifuga*, *Terminalia chebula*, *Tinospora cordifolia*, dan *Tribulus terrestris*) untuk potensi pemanfaatannya sebagai sumber antimikroba terhadap bakteri resistan multiobat (*multidrug-resistant*/MDR), berdampingan dengan antibiotik konvensional. Bakteri patogen diisolasi dari sampel urine pasien rawat jalan maupun rawat inap di rumah sakit. Antibiogram dari 11 bakteri yang diisolasi (GP: *Enterococcus faecalis* dan *Staphylococcus aureus*; serta GN: *Acinetobacter baumannii*, *Citrobacter freundii*, *Enterobacter aerogenes*, *Escherichia coli*, *Klebsiella oxytoca*, *Klebsiella pneumoniae*, *Proteus mirabilis*, *Proteus vulgaris*, dan *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*) ditentukan menggunakan metode difusi cakram, dan efektivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak tumbuhan dipantau dengan metode difusi sumuran agar. Bakteri yang diisolasi menunjukkan sifat MDR yang sangat tinggi terhadap sebagian besar antibiotik saat ini. Ekstrak metanol dari 9 tumbuhan digunakan, dan ekstrak dari 3 tumbuhan, yaitu *A. acuminata*, *P. granatum*, dan *S. febrifuga*, menghasilkan ukuran zona hambat maksimum setidaknya 25–29 mm pada biakan bakteri. Nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum (*minimum inhibitory concentration*/MIC) dan konsentrasi bakterisidal minimum (*minimum bactericidal concentration*/MBC) dari ekstrak metanol ke-9 tumbuhan tersebut dicatat. Ekstrak metanol *A. acuminata* memiliki nilai MIC terendah sebesar 0,29 mg/ml dan nilai MBC terendah sebesar 0,67 mg/ml terhadap *S. aureus* MDR, yang menunjukkan efektivitasnya; namun, ekstrak ini memiliki nilai MIC tertinggi sebesar 3,41 mg/ml dan nilai MBC tertinggi sebesar 4,27 mg/ml terhadap sebagian besar bakteri MDR lainnya, termasuk *E. coli*. Analisis fitokimia kualitatif dilakukan terhadap 9 tumbuhan tersebut, dan informasi mengenai kandungan fitokimia utama yang diperoleh dari basis data PubChem disajikan. Dengan demikian, tiga tumbuhan yang paling efektif dalam mengendalikan bakteri ISK-MDR secara *in vitro* adalah *A. acuminata*, *P. granatum*, dan *S. febrifuga*, yang dapat dipromosikan sebagai pengobatan komplementer.
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Authors Mishra, Monali P.;Rath, Sibanarayan;Swain, Shasank S.;Ghosh, Goutam;Das, Debajyoti;Padhy, Rabindra N.;
Journal journal of king saud university: science
Year 2017
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