تحصین الحملة الفرنسیة الحربی للخانقاة النظامیة بمنطقة الحطابة بالقاهرة(1215ھ /1800م) دراسة أثاریة معماریة

The Khanaqah is an archaeological site that was used as a military fort during the period of the French campaign (1798 – 1805 on Egypt). It was built by Prince Nizamuddin, one of the Mamluk princes in the year 757 AH (1356 AD), Located in the Hatabah neighbourhood, the neighborhood is located under the citadel of Salah al-Din al-Ayoubi, from the north side, and that is precisely in the high place from the level of Bab al-Wazir area where the rest of the blotting of Salah Eddin al-Ayoubi was erected, this is an excellent location overlooking Cairo, especially the eastern part of it.The proximity of the Hutabah area, where the Nizamia Khanaqah was constructed from the citadel of Salahuddin al-Ayoubi, had a significant impact on the region of the military and political events that have taken place in the region, the area has been looted and destroyed, most of these events were during the reign of the Mamluk and the Ottomans rule where this area has experienced as well as the nearby and adjacent areas around the castle disputes the princes of the Mamluk era, especially at the Circassian era, as the region experienced in the Ottoman era disputes between the Mamluk princes On power in Egypt when Egypt became an Ottoman state. One of the incidents that occurred in the region was that in the year 1215 AH (1800 AD), there was destruction, demolition and change of monuments, diversification of grievances from the French and the destruction of the ruins. The French blocked Bab al-Fotouh with building, as well as bab al barkia and el bab el mahrouk door , and they established several castles over the hills, in terms of Bab al-Nasr to Bab al-Wazir, and the Sowah area where they demolished Ras al-Sawa buildings, including the Hattaba area and Bab al-Wazir beneath the castle, and the old schools and tall domes, and destroyed the minaret of el Khanka el Nizamia and made it a fortress, the search aims to work out an analytical study of the architectural changes that have taken place on the Khanaqah, as well as an analytical study of the opening holes of the guns and cannons in the walls of the Khanah.