Acute changes in serum immune markers due to swimming in a chlorinated pool

Clicks: 227
ID: 65530
2017
Free PDF
Article Quality & Performance Metrics
Overall Quality
Not rated
Combines reader engagement with the AI quality analysis. This article has not been analysed, so there is no overall score — reader engagement is measured and shown alongside.
AI Quality Assessment
Not analyzed
Readership in this journal
Popular

Ranked #110 of 157 articles by views in Environment international

Most read Least read

Bar heights use a square-root scale. Only the 120 most-read articles are drawn; the journal has 157 in total.

Mint this article as an NFT
Not yet minted

Create a permanent, verifiable on-chain record of this article on the Scimatic Network. The NFT is held in your Journament account, and you can withdraw it to your own wallet at any time.

5 SUSD one-off · no wallet required
Sign in to mint
Abstract
Background: Exposure to disinfectants and disinfection byproducts (DBPs) due to swimming in chlorinated water has been associated with allergic and respiratory health effects, including asthma. Objectives: Biological mechanisms contributing to these associations are largely unknown. We hypothesized a potential pathway involving modulation of the immune system. Methods: We assessed levels of immune markers (CCL11, CCL22, CXCL10, CRP, EGF, GCSF, IL-8, IL-17, IL-1RA, MPO, VEGF, Periostin) in serum collected from 30 women and 29 men before and after 40min of swimming in a chlorinated pool. Exposure to DBPs was assessed by measuring bromodichloromethane, bromoform, chloroform, and dibromochloromethane in exhaled breath before and after swimming. Covariate data including information on physical activity was available through questionnaires and measurements. We assessed the association between indicators of swimming in a chlorinated pool and changes in serum immune marker concentrations using linear regression with bivariate normal distributions and adjusted for multiple comparisons by applying the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure. Results: We observed a significant decrease in serum concentrations of IL-8 (−12.53%; q=2.00e-03), CCL22 (−7.28%; q=4.00e-04), CCL11 (−7.15%; q=9.48e-02), CRP (−7.06%; q=4.68e-05), and CXCL10 (−13.03%; q=6.34e-14) and a significant increase in IL-1RA (20.16%; q=4.18e-06) from before to after swimming. Associations with quantitative measurements of DBPs or physical activity were similar in direction and strength. Most of the observed associations became non-significant when we adjusted the effects of exposure to DBPs for physical activity or vice-versa. Conclusions: Our study indicates that swimming in a chlorinated pool induces perturbations of the immune response through acute alterations of patterns of cytokine and chemokine secretion. The observed effects could not be uniquely attributed to either exposure to DBPs or physical activity. Evidence in the literature suggests that observed decreases in immune markers are possibly due to an immunosuppressive effect of DBPs, while the increase in IL-1RA might be due to physical activity. Keywords: Immune markers, Disinfection byproducts, DBPs, Blood
Reference Key
vlaanderen2017acuteenvironment Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Vlaanderen, Jelle;Veldhoven, Karin van;Font-Ribera, Laia;Villanueva, Cristina M.;Chadeau-Hyam, Marc;Portengen, Lützen;Grimalt, Joan O.;Zwiener, Christian;Heederik, Dick;Zhang, Xiangru;Vineis, Paolo;Kogevinas, Manolis;Vermeulen, Roel;
Journal Environment international
Year 2017
DOI
DOI not found
URL
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412016310947
Keywords
Immunologic diseases. Allergy environmental sciences

Citations

No citations found. To add a citation, contact the admin at info@scimatic.org

Comments

No comments yet. Be the first to comment on this article.