The importance of shell: Redating of the To'aga site (Ofu Island, Manu'a) and a revised chronology for the Lapita to Polynesian Plainware transition in Tonga and Sāmoa.

贝壳的重要性：托阿加遗址（马努阿群岛奥富岛）的重新测年及汤加与萨摩亚拉皮塔向波利尼西亚素面陶过渡期年代学序列的修订。

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2019
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Abstract
Radiocarbon dating Pacific archaeological sites is fraught with difficulties. Often situated in coastal beach ridges or sand dunes, these sites exhibit horizontal and vertical disturbances, datable materials such as wood charcoal are typically highly degraded, may be derived from old trees or driftwood unless specifically identified to short-lived material, while bone collagen rarely survives in tropical conditions. Shell, therefore, is the most logical material for dating Pacific sites since it is resistant to alteration, can be sampled to ensure only the last few seasons of growth are represented and is often closely tied to human economic activities. However, shell radiocarbon (14C) dating has been plagued by interpretive problems largely due to our limited knowledge of the 14C cycle in nearshore marine and estuarine environments. Consequently, shell dates are typically ignored in regional chronometric evaluations and in recent years shell is often avoided for dating altogether. Recent advances in our understanding of the source of shell 14C as well as the development of the first South Pacific Gyre model of changing marine 14C over time, combined with Bayesian statistical modelling, now provide us with insight into the value of these shell radiocarbon dates. Here we present a revision of the age of the To'aga site on Ofu Island-an early occupation site associated with the initial Polynesian Plainware period in Sāmoa, the earliest use of which we date to between 2785 and 2607 cal BP (68% probability).
对太平洋考古遗址进行放射性碳测年面临诸多困难。这些遗址通常位于沿海滩脊或沙丘中，存在水平和垂直扰动；木炭等可测年材料往往高度降解，且除非明确鉴定为短寿命物质，否则可能源自老树或浮木；而在热带环境下，骨胶原极难保存。因此，贝壳是太平洋遗址测年最合理的材料，因为其抗蚀变能力强，可通过取样确保仅代表其最后几个生长季节，并且通常与人类经济活动密切相关。然而，贝壳放射性碳（¹⁴C）测年一直受到数据释读难题的困扰，这主要是由于我们对近岸海洋和河口环境中¹⁴C循环的认知有限。因此，在区域年代学评估中，贝壳测年数据通常被忽略，近年来人们甚至往往完全避免使用贝壳进行测年。近期，我们对贝壳¹⁴C来源认知的深化，首个表征海洋¹⁴C随时间变化的南太平洋环流模型的建立，以及贝叶斯统计建模的应用，使我们得以重新审视这些贝壳放射性碳测年数据的价值。本文对奥富岛（Ofu Island）托阿加（To'aga）遗址的年代进行了重新厘定——该遗址是萨摩亚与波利尼西亚早期素面陶（Polynesian Plainware）时代相关的早期居址，我们测定其最早利用年代介于2785至2607 cal BP之间（68%概率）。
Reference Key
petchey2019theplos Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Petchey, Fiona;Kirch, Patrick V;
Journal PloS one
Year 2019
DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0211990
URL
Keywords
lizards divergence times apomorphies fossils paleoecology uma

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