Investigation on the Failure Behavior of Engineered Cementitious Composites under Freeze-Thaw Cycles.

This paper investigates the freeze-thaw performance of engineered cementitious composites (ECC) reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers, by applying an innovative criterion for judging the specimen's working state mutation. The ECC materials are prepared into 25 mixtures using the Taguchi method. Then, the fundamental transverse frequency, the flexural performance and the internal strain variation of ECC specimens subjected to freeze-thaw cycles are measured. Unlike the existing studies, this investigation focuses on the failure behavior of ECC materials in the process of freeze-thaw. The Mann-Kendall (M-K) criterion is introduced to detect the ECC specimen's working state leap feature, leading to the updated definition of frost-induced failure concept. Furthermore, the three-level model for evaluating the freeze-thaw performance of ECC materials is established according to the revealed essential leap feature. Thus, the effect of each individual mix design factor on the frost-induced failure indices is perceived from the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio analysis and the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, a mix formulation estimated based on Taguchi method is recommended for its optimum resistance against frost-induced failure, which is verified by the confirmation experiment.