Ursolic Acid and Its Derivatives as Bioactive Agents

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ID: 59797
2019
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Abstract
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases continue to be threatening and deadly to human kind. Resistance to and side effects of known drugs for treatment further increase the threat, while at the same time leaving scientists to search for alternative sources from nature, especially from plants. Pentacyclic triterpenoids (PT) from medicinal plants have been identified as one class of secondary metabolites that could play a critical role in the treatment and management of several NCDs. One of such PT is ursolic acid (UA, 3 β-hydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid), which possesses important biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant and antibacterial effects, but its bioavailability and solubility limits its clinical application. Mimusops caffra, Ilex paraguarieni, and Glechoma hederacea, have been reported as major sources of UA. The chemistry of UA has been studied extensively based on the literature, with modifications mostly having been made at positions C-3 (hydroxyl), C12-C13 (double bonds) and C-28 (carboxylic acid), leading to several UA derivatives (esters, amides, oxadiazole quinolone, etc.) with enhanced potency, bioavailability and water solubility. This article comprehensively reviews the information that has become available over the last decade with respect to the sources, chemistry, biological potency and clinical trials of UA and its derivatives as potential therapeutic agents, with a focus on addressing NCDs.
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mlala2019ursolicmolecules Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Mlala, Sithenkosi;Oyedeji, Adebola Omowunmi;Gondwe, Mavuto;Oyedeji, Opeoluwa Oyehan;
Journal molecules
Year 2019
DOI
DOI not found
URL
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/15/2751
Keywords
chemistry Organic Chemistry Microbiology plant culture

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