A Global Review of Animal-Visitor Interactions in Modern Zoos and Aquariums and Their Implications for Wild Animal Welfare.

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2019
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Abstract
We provide an initial insight into the occurrence and characteristics of animal-visitor interactions (AVIs) involving captive wild animals within zoos and aquaria. Using information provided online via official public websites of modern zoos and aquaria, we found that AVIs were provided by the majority of facilities. Our study revealed that a variety of AVI types were being offered. Globally, petting captive wild animals was the most prevalent AVI type advertised ( = 1241 observations, 43% (534) of facilities) and Mammalia was the most advertised taxonomic class ( = 5142; 53% (2739)). We found certain AVI types that were more commonly offered than predicted. These were opportunities to: (1) Hand feed captive wild animals in Asia, North America and Oceania; (2) ride wild animals in Europe and North America; (3) walk with or swim through wild animal enclosures in Asia; and (4) walk with wild animals in Asia and Europe. Given the global prevalence of AVIs in modern zoos and aquaria, and an apparent lack of animal welfare focused research, we provide recommendations to help effectively balance and manage captive wild animal welfare with other primary interconnected goals.
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dcruze2019aanimals Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors D'Cruze, Neil;Khan, Sophie;Carder, Gemma;Megson, David;Coulthard, Emma;Norrey, John;Groves, Georgina;
Journal animals
Year 2019
DOI
E332
URL
Keywords
Education Tourism conservation word association for zoo and aquariums wildlife ELISA flow cytometry multiplate® p2y12 inhibitors vasp. multi-center studies systematic review mental health services planning bayesian networks mental health systems structural equation modelling causal model mental health care, management policy-making

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