Dynamic visualization of the phase transformation path in LiFePO during delithiation.

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ID: 55459
2019
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Abstract
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have been widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles over the last few decades. The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries is mostly determined using electrode materials, which allow Li to insert/extract in their crystal structure. Conventionally, high-rate electrode materials store Li+ via a solid-state reaction (i.e., the single-phase transformation path), and one exception is LiFePO4 (LFP). Although its two-phase transformation path has been widely demonstrated, the abnormal correlation between the lithiation/delithiation mechanism and the high rate performance of LFP is still controversial. Recently, the theory has suggested that the single-phase transformation path at a very low overpotential might be responsible for the abnormal phenomenon. However, direct observation of such a single-phase transformation has been rarely achieved, because once the overpotential is removed, the intermediate solid-solution phase LixFePO4 (0 < x < 1) should separate into thermodynamic LFP and FePO4 (FP). Here, the detailed delithiation path of LFP is directly observed using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based on a micro-sized solid-state battery (Pt/Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta6O12/LFP). We first demonstrate a novel two-step solid-solution transformation path during the delithiation of LFP, showing direct evidence for the above assumption. These results provide a new insight into the solid-solution transformation mechanism of electrode materials.
Reference Key
yang2019dynamicnanoscale Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Liting Yang, Wenbin You, Xuebing Zhao, Huiqiao Guo, Xiao Li, Jie Zhang, Yonggang Wang, Renchao Che
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Journal Nanoscale
Year 2019
DOI
10.1039/c9nr05623h
URL
Keywords
electric vehicles multi-layer perceptron deceleration planning driving behavior smart regenerative braking

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