U.S. Adolescent and Adult Women's Experiences Accessing and Using Toilets in Schools, Workplaces, and Public Spaces: A Multi-Site Focus Group Study to Inform Future Research in Bladder Health.

Clicks: 339
ID: 52679
2019
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Ranked #258 of 862 articles by views in International journal of environmental research and public health

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Abstract
The World Health Organization recognizes access to clean and safe toilets as crucial for public health. This study explored U.S. adolescent and adult cisgender women's lived experiences accessing toilets in schools, workplaces, and public spaces. As part of the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium, we conducted 44 focus groups with female participants (n = 360; ages 11-93). Focus groups were stratified by age (11-14, 15-17, 18-25, 26-44, 45-64, 65+) and conducted across 7 geographically diverse U.S. sites from July 2017-April 2018. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we conducted conventional qualitative coding informed by our PLUS conceptual framework and used content analysis processes to identify salient themes. Across settings, toilet access was restricted by "gatekeepers" (i.e., individuals who control access to toilets). In contrast, self-restricting toilet use (deciding not to use the toilet despite biologic need to urinate) was based on internalized norms to prioritize school and job responsibilities over urination. In public spaces, self-restricting use was largely in response to lack of cleanliness. Across the life course, participants perceived gender disparities in the ability to easily access public toilets. Further research is needed to determine if and how these factors impact bladder health across the life course.
Reference Key
camenga2019usinternational Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Camenga, Deepa R;Brady, Sonya S;Hardacker, Cecilia T;Williams, Beverly R;Hebert-Beirne, Jeni;James, Aimee S;Burgio, Kathryn;Nodora, Jesse;Wyman, Jean F;Berry, Amanda;Low, Lisa K;, ;
Journal International journal of environmental research and public health
Year 2019
DOI
E3338
URL
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/18/3338
Keywords
qualitative research focus groups female bladder health toilet

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