Preparing Nanoarchaeosome Containing Triptorelin Acetate and Evaluation of Its Cellular Toxic Effect on PC3 Prostate Cancer Cell Line

Background and objectives: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of mortality among men worldwide, and the eighth cancer-related cause of death in Iran. Male sex hormones (androgens) are the main cause of prostate cancer cells. Triptorelin is considered a synthetic decapeptide analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the treatment of prostate cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the methods to deal with the constraints in use of lipid nanoarchaeosomes. Due to their adjuvant feature and presence of ether links, archaeosomes are more stable in blood, compared to other lipid-based formulations. In the present study, the effects of nanoarchaeosomes containing triptorelin acetate on the cellular toxicity of the PC3 prostate cancer cell line were evaluated. Methods: Halobacterium salinarum bacteria were cultured in HS medium, and their polar lipids of the membrane were removed applying the Blight&Dye technique in order to obtain nanoarchaeosome containing membrane polar lipids. In the next stage, nanoarchaeosomes were prepared by the hydration of polar lipids. In addition, cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay on the PC3 cell line. Results: In this research, mean diameter of the drug-containing nanoarchaeosomes was estimated at 263 nm using the ZetaSizer device. Moreover, drug loading efficiency of nanoarchaeosomes was estimated at 98%. Furthermore, the toxicity of the free and nanoarchaeosome drugs was assessed via the MTT assay, results of which were indicative of a mean of IC 50 0.22 µg/ml in this regard. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, archaeosomes extracted from polar lipids were produced with high concentration and purity on the nanoscale. Considering the high stability, ease of production, level of drug loading, and toxic effect on cancer cells, nanoarchaeosomes can be used as a suitable technique for targeted drug delivery in future studies.