Cognitive neuropsychology. Resolving enigmas about Wernicke's aphasia and other higher cortical disorders.

Neuropsychologie cognitive. Résolution des énigmes concernant l'aphasie de Wernicke et d'autres troubles corticaux supérieurs.

Clicks: 482
ID: 43410
1991
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Abstract
Cognitive neuropsychology is a young branch of neuroscience whose ancestral influences include a rich pool of experimental (eg, cognitive, psychology), theoretical (eg, epistemology), and clinical (eg, neurology, neuropsychology) disciplines. An essential principle of cognitive neuropsychology is that disorders of higher cortical functions can be understood in terms of breakdowns of one or more information-processing modules. Each module is the most basic element of intelligence that can be defined based on current knowledge. This approach is a refinement of-not a fundamental departure from-the 19th-century "localizationist" view of language disorders. Wernicke's aphasia, for example, classical attributed to a single cognitive deficit (loss of word sounds), is shown in this review to require damage to multiple distinct information-processing modules. Cognitive neuropsychology provides the tools for the type of fine-grained analyses of behavior that are needed to capitalize on recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, including the development of more sophisticated models of brain-behavior relationships.
La neuropsychologie cognitive est une jeune branche des neurosciences dont les influences fondatrices englobent un riche ensemble de disciplines expérimentales (p. ex., psychologie cognitive), théoriques (p. ex., épistémologie) et cliniques (p. ex., neurologie, neuropsychologie). Un principe essentiel de la neuropsychologie cognitive est que les troubles des fonctions corticales supérieures peuvent être compris en termes de dysfonctionnements d'un ou de plusieurs modules de traitement de l'information. Chaque module constitue l'élément le plus fondamental de l'intelligence pouvant être défini à la lumière des connaissances actuelles. Cette approche constitue un affinement — et non une rupture fondamentale — de la conception « localisationniste » des troubles du langage du XIXe siècle. L'aphasie de Wernicke, par exemple, classiquement attribuée à un déficit cognitif unique (la perte des sons des mots), nécessite, comme le démontre cette revue, l'atteinte de multiples modules distincts de traitement de l'information. La neuropsychologie cognitive fournit les outils nécessaires au type d'analyses fines du comportement indispensables pour tirer parti des avancées récentes des techniques de neuro-imagerie, notamment pour l'élaboration de modèles plus sophistiqués des relations cerveau-comportement.
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Authors Margolin, D I;
Journal archives of neurology
Year 1991
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