The low-energy Goldstone mode in a trapped dipolar supersolid.

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ID: 42189
2019
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Abstract
A supersolid is a counter-intuitive state of matter that combines the frictionless flow of a superfluid with the crystal-like periodic density modulation of a solid. Since the first prediction in the 1950s, experimental efforts to realize this state have focused mainly on helium, where supersolidity remains elusive. Recently, supersolidity has also been studied intensively in ultracold quantum gases, and some of its defining properties have been induced in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) and BECs coupled to two crossed optical cavities. However, no phonon modes have been observed in both systems. Recently, hallmark properties of a supersolid-the periodic density modulation and simultaneous global phase coherence-have been observed in arrays of dipolar quantum droplets, where the crystallization happens in a self-organized manner due to intrinsic interactions. In this letter, we prove the genuine supersolid nature of these droplet arrays by directly observing the low-energy Goldstone mode. The dynamics of this mode is reminiscent of the effect of second sound in other superfluid systems and features an out-of-phase oscillation of the crystal array and the superfluid density. This mode exists only due to the phase rigidity of the experimentally realized state, and therefore confirms the genuine superfluidity of the supersolid.
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guo2019thenature Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Guo, Mingyang;Böttcher, Fabian;Hertkorn, Jens;Schmidt, Jan-Niklas;Wenzel, Matthias;Büchler, Hans Peter;Langen, Tim;Pfau, Tilman;
Journal Nature
Year 2019
DOI
10.1038/s41586-019-1569-5
URL
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