Neural Correlates of Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies

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ID: 339302
2026
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Ranked #171 of 171 articles by views in nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the society for research on nicotine and tobacco

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Abstract
Tobacco use is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite efficacious interventions, smoking cessation remains difficult for many individuals. While demographic and behavioural predictors of smoking cessation outcomes are well-documented, neurobiological predictors of success have been inconsistent across studies. The current systematic review aimed to identify neuroimaging biomarkers consistently associated with smoking cessation success. A systematic search identified 32 studies that examined neural predictors of outcomes across structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging modalities and intervention types. The most frequently implicated brain regions included the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), striatum, and anterior insula. Specifically, greater medial PFC response to health promotion tasks; greater reactivity to smoking-related cues in the dorsolateral PFC and dorsal striatum; stronger resting state functional connectivity between the insula and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and medial frontal gyrus; and greater global gray matter volume were commonly reported as predictors of better treatment response. The current systematic review identifies the most robust MRI biomarkers of smoking cessation, but in a relatively small overall literature with extensive heterogeneity among studies.
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Authors Tegan Hargreaves, Avleen Dhaliwal, Mahmoud Elsayed, Sabrina K. Syan, Michael T Amlung, Lawrence H. Sweet, James M. MacKillop
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Journal nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the society for research on nicotine and tobacco
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntag219
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntag219
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