Spatiotemporal surveillance of tobacco-retailer inspections and underage sales in New Jersey, 2013 – 2025

Clicks: 5
ID: 338775
2026
Free PDF
Article Quality & Performance Metrics
Overall Quality
Not rated
Combines reader engagement with the AI quality analysis. This article has not been analysed, so there is no overall score — reader engagement is measured and shown alongside.
AI Quality Assessment
Not analyzed
Readership in this journal
Emerging

Ranked #167 of 171 articles by views in nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the society for research on nicotine and tobacco

Most read Least read

Bar heights use a square-root scale. Only the 120 most-read articles are drawn; the journal has 171 in total.

Mint this article as an NFT
Not yet minted

Create a permanent, verifiable on-chain record of this article on the Scimatic Network. The NFT is held in your Journament account, and you can withdraw it to your own wallet at any time.

5 SUSD one-off · no wallet required
Sign in to mint
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Tobacco use remains a major preventable health threat. New Jersey conducts compliance inspections under contract with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to enforce federal tobacco laws and regulations. Linking inspection patterns to retailer environments and community characteristics can identify enforcement gaps and inform youth tobacco control. METHODS: We linked FDA compliance outcomes, National Neighborhood Data Archive densities of tobacco, vape, and convenience stores, and American Community Survey covariates for 654 ZIP code tabulation areas (ZCTAs), 2013 - 2025. Using Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation, we fitted Bayesian spatiotemporal models for inspection counts (Poisson, population offset) and underage-sales violations given inspections (binomial), with retailer, socioeconomic, spatial, and temporal effects. RESULTS: Across 8,502 ZCTA-years, 55,036 inspections identified 9,272 violations. After adjustment, inspection intensity was higher with population and convenience-store density and lower with income, poverty, Black population share, education, and unemployment. Among inspected ZCTAs, violation risk was higher with greater vape store density, poverty, and Black population share, and lower where inspection intensity was higher. Violation risk rose across periods in both the full and first-inspection samples while inspections declined, producing weak risk-enforcement alignment and high-risk, low-inspection mismatch in about 8% of ZCTA-years. CONCLUSIONS: Spatiotemporal models reveal uneven inspection intensity and underage-sales risk across New Jersey. Aligning inspections with modeled risk, while pairing compliance checks with retailer education and support rather than intensified enforcement in already scrutinized disadvantaged communities, could strengthen youth tobacco control efforts.
Reference Key
openalex_W7225274640 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Danlin Yu
Are you one of these authors? Claim your profile
Journal nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the society for research on nicotine and tobacco
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntag238
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntag238
Keywords Keywords not found

Citations

No citations found. To add a citation, contact the admin at info@scimatic.org

Comments

No comments yet. Be the first to comment on this article.