Do Gender-of-Interviewer Effects Differ Across Immigrant Generations? Survey Evidence from Italy

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ID: 337509
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Interviewer gender has been shown to affect responses to survey questions on gender attitudes and norms, but does its influence vary across groups with different migration backgrounds? I study this question using the Between Origin and Destination (BOnD) survey, conducted in Lombardy, Italy, between 2024 and 2025. Consistent with gender-of-interviewer effects, a type of social desirability bias, female interviewers elicit more progressive responses on a summary index of gender norms and on an index of the acceptability of homosexuality, abortion, divorce, casual sex, and premarital sex. The effect is concentrated among natives and second-generation individuals; first-generation immigrants show little response to interviewer gender. One possible explanation is that social desirability pressure from a female interviewer operates through host-country social norms: Individuals more embedded in the Italian normative context are more responsive to cues from a female interviewer. These findings have implications for the design of surveys administered to mixed native-immigrant populations.
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Authors Christina Sarah Hauser
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Journal public opinion quarterly
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/poq/nfag072
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfag072
Keywords Keywords not found

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