From private banknotes to base money: lessons from Sweden for CBDCs

Clicks: 14
ID: 333854
2026
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Abstract
Abstract The main financial stability concern surrounding the issuance of central bank digital currency (CBDC) is that it may encourage a shift of deposits away from commercial banks and, particularly during periods of stress, contribute to bank runs. A proposed policy response to such deposit outflows is so-called pass-through funding, whereby the central bank compensates banks for lost liabilities by extending credit to commercial banks. Drawing on a historical parallel, this paper shows that such a mechanism can generate unintended credit creation, thereby increasing rather than reducing financial instability. The analysis highlights the risks associated with CBDC issuance, not only through potential strains on central bank balance sheets but also through increased vulnerabilities within the banking sector.
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openalex_W7223450424 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors
Journal oxford economic papers-new series
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/oep/gpag036
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