MITE insertions generate enhancers for iron transporter CwIRT1 activation in citrus

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ID: 333654
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Iron (Fe) deficiency constrains citrus productivity in alkaline soils. Although the high-affinity Fe transporter IRT1 is essential for Fe acquisition, its transcriptional regulation in citrus remains unclear. Here, we reveal that differential tolerance to Fe deficiency between Fe-sensitive Poncirus trifoliata (P. trifoliata) and Fe-tolerant Citrus wilsonii Tanaka (C. wilsonii) is linked to rapid induction of CwIRT1. We further identify two unique miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (MITE1 and MITE2) in the promoter region of CwIRT1, which act as Fe-deficiency-responsive enhancers. These two MITEs respectively generate binding sites for the transcription factors CwERF12 and CwARF12, both of which are upregulated under low-Fe conditions. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated dual knockout of CwERF12 and CwARF12, but not single mutations, suppresses CwIRT1 expression and reduces root Fe uptake. We propose that MITEs carrying TF-binding motifs can serve as enhancers recruiting stress-responsive transcription factors to activate CwIRT1, highlighting transposable element-mediated cis-regulatory as a driver of nutrient stress adaptation in perennial crops.
Reference Key
openalex_W7223282141 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Xingxing Zhou, Shengjun Liu, Zhengyan Fan, Jiaxuan Peng, Chunyi Liu, Yifang Wu, Qiang Xu, Shunyuan Xiao, Zhiyong Pan
Journal Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/plphys/kiag790
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiag790
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