آئمہ تفسیر کے نزدیک نعمت کی اقسام اور کفار پر نعمت الٰہی کی حقیقت ( جمہور اور معتزلہ کے نظریات کا تحقیقی جائزہ): The Categories of Blessings According to the Imams of Tafsir and the Reality of Divine Blessings upon Disbelievers: An Analytical Study of the Views of the Majority and the Mu'tazilites

This article presents a comprehensive study of the concept of "Ni‘mah" (blessing) and its categories as discussed by prominent exegetes of the Qur'an. The term "Ni‘mah" holds significant importance in Islamic teachings, as it reflects Allah's mercy and bounties upon humanity. However, there are varying interpretations among different schools of thought regarding its meaning, types, and application to non-believers (kuffar).The objective of this research is to explore the linguistic and terminological meanings of "Ni‘mah" through the perspectives of renowned scholars and to analyze the contrasting views of the majority (jumhur) and the Mu‘tazilites regarding its application to non-believers. The study focuses on the interpretations of Imam Raghib al-Isfahani, Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Nizam al-Din al-Nisaburi, Allama Alusi, Imam Dhahabi, Ghulam Rasul Saeedi, Allama Baydawi, and Imam Ibn al-Jawzi.The findings reveal that, according to the majority of scholars, "Ni‘mah" extends to non-believers as well, as Allah's blessings are universal and encompass all of creation, a view supported by the Qur'an and Hadith. On the contrary, the Mu‘tazilites argue that non-believers are not recipients of Allah's blessings, as they are undeserving of His favors. This paper critically examines the Mu‘tazilite claim and provides a refutation based on Qur'anic verses and Prophetic traditions.The research concludes that the concept of "Ni‘mah" in Islamic teachings is broad and inclusive, and denying Allah's blessings to non-believers contradicts the overarching principles of the Qur'an and Sunnah. This study contributes valuable insights to the field of Qur'anic exegesis and serves as a resource for researchers interested in exploring theological and exegetical perspectives on divine blessings.