Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) antibody-mediated opsonophagocytosis is not associated with reduced endometrial or incident infection

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ID: 331859
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Background Naturally acquired antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) are associated with reduced cervical bacterial burden but not with protection from endometrial or subsequent CT infection. We investigated whether antibody-mediated opsonophagocytosis, a functional measure of humoral immunity, was associated with protection against these clinical outcomes. Methods Serum samples from 139 women enrolled in the longitudinal T cell Response Against Chlamydia (TRAC) cohort and 11 healthy seronegative controls were evaluated for Fc receptor-mediated opsonophagocytosis of CellTrace Violet-labeled CT elementary bodies using THP-1 monocytes. Associations with anti-chlamydial antibody titers, cervical bacterial burden, endometrial infection, and incident CT infection during 12 months of follow-up were assessed. Results Opsonophagocytic activity correlated strongly with anti-chlamydial antibody titers and was significantly higher in seropositive women than in seronegative controls. Although a weak inverse correlation with cervical bacterial burden was observed, neither the proportion of phagocytic cells nor the extent of bacterial uptake was associated with reduced endometrial infection. Similarly, neither measure differed between women who experienced incident CT infection during follow-up and those who remained infection-free. Conclusions Naturally acquired anti-chlamydial antibodies promoted Fc receptor-mediated uptake of CT; however, antibody-mediated opsonophagocytic activity was not associated with protection from endometrial or subsequent CT infection. These findings suggest that naturally acquired antibody-mediated opsonophagocytic activity is unlikely to serve as a correlate of protection against CT infection.
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Authors Bryce W. Duncan, Jiahao Zhang, Celeste R. Robles, Kacy S. Yount, Xiaojing Zheng, Catherine M. O'Connell, Toni L. Darville
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Journal The Journal of infectious diseases
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/infdis/jiag502
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiag502
Keywords Keywords not found

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