Assessing microbial resistance to Artocarpus heterophyllus leaf–mediated AgNO3 colloidal aggregates using adaptive laboratory evolution

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ID: 331770
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Antimicrobial resistance poses a major global health challenge, highlighting the need for alternative antimicrobial strategies. In this study, silver-containing colloidal aggregates were synthesized using an extract from Artocarpus heterophyllus leaves and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and effects on microbial survival under adaptive conditions. Silver-containing colloidal aggregates were characterized for size, structure, and stability, followed by antimicrobial assessment using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) assays. The synthesized silver-containing colloidal aggregates exhibited an average size of 444.00 ± 32.84 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.81 ± 0.16, and a zeta potential of −24.28 ± 10.66 mV. Functional group analysis indicated that phytochemicals mediated the reduction of Ag⁺ ions. Antimicrobial activity was observed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, with MIC values of 80, 640, and 320 mg l−1, respectively, and MBC/MFC values of 1280 mg l−1 (E. coli and C. albicans) and 5120 mg l−1 (S. aureus). Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) experiments under gradually increasing silver-containing colloidal particle concentrations showed a progressive decline in microbial growth, with no detectable survival at higher exposure levels. These findings suggest that silver-containing colloidal aggregates exhibit antimicrobial activity and may limit short-term microbial adaptation under the tested conditions.
Reference Key
openalex_W7220955897 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Maya Fitriyanti, Almando Geraldi, Anna Rakhmawati, Karin Rosalinda, Najwa Fadhilatunnisa, Nurhamidah Almatin Hidayat, Arienda Elita Amadea
Journal letters in applied microbiology
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/lambio/ovag086
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/lambio/ovag086
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