Habitat for breeding Buteo regalis (Ferruginous Hawk) is diminished by natural gas development

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ID: 331723
2026
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Abstract
Abstract The expansion of natural gas development can reduce habitat for some species of raptors. Understanding how raptors utilize habitat in landscapes prior to development can help guide effective conservation and management decisions. Buteo regalis (Ferruginous Hawk) are the largest hawks in North America and may be particularly susceptible to energy development given their preference for grasslands and shrublands in the arid West, where resource extraction is prevalent and increasing. We investigated factors associated with B. regalis breeding-season home-range estimates and habitat selection in a relatively undisturbed landscape slated for high-density energy development and bordered by existing natural gas development. We deployed GPS transmitters on 15 breeding B. regalis in Wyoming and used movement data to evaluate home range size and habitat selection. We found that B. regalis avoided wells producing natural gas, selecting areas at greater distances from and with lower densities of producing wells. Where home ranges overlapped with producing wells, breeding hawks had larger home-range estimates. Additionally, B. regalis selected habitat with elevated terrain (i.e., ridges and pillars), low shrub cover, and habitat types associated with primary prey species. This study is the first to identify a significant difference in home-range estimates between sex (female, male) and breeding status (breeding, nonbreeding) for this species. Even so, home-range estimates were smaller relative to other populations, suggesting that habitat quality is currently high for breeding pairs in this study area prior to development. Identifying the landscape characteristics that breeding hawks select (e.g., elevated terrain) and avoid (e.g., producing wells) is vital to inform conservation strategies in a multi-use landscape.
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Journal Ornithological Applications
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ornithapp/duag093
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