TP9.5 Bone Density Adaptation Modelling in Hip Dysplasia Under Pathophysiological and Physiological Loading: Implications for Joint Health

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ID: 331088
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Background Bone tissue adapts to its mechanical environment [1], with bone density distribution (BDD) reflecting cumulative loading patterns relevant to joint function. Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a well-established risk factor for hip osteoarthritis [2], but its influence on femoral bone adaptation remains incompletely characterized. This study evaluates differences in BDD between normal hips (NH) under representative physiological and pathophysiological loading conditions. Future work will extend this framework to investigate loading effects in dysplastic hips (DHs). Methods Ten dysplastic and ten normal hips were semi-automatically segmented from publicly available CT datasets [2, 3] using TotalSegmentator. Acetabular regions and corresponding femoral coverage areas were identified for each subject. Muscle attachment sites were mapped using a 3D statistical shape model of the proximal femur to ensure consistent anatomical representation of muscle forces across the bone samples. Joint contact and muscle forces, including their magnitudes and directions, were adopted from Song et al. [4]. In that work, two cohorts, individuals with DHs and those with NHs, were analyzed; loading conditions were estimated per individual, normalized by body weight, and averaged per group. Here, a dataset-averaged body weight was applied to isolate load effects from body weight. The resulting force sets were defined as dysplastic load (DL) and normal load (NL), respectively, and were applied across all models to represent (patho) physiological loading scenarios. Bone adaptation was simulated using a multiphasic tissue adaptation model implemented in FEBio [5], which has been previously validated against CT-derived bone density measurements. All modeling steps, including mesh discretization and material property assignment, were automated through a custom pipeline that generated FEBio input files, ensuring consistency and reproducibility. Simulations were conducted on NH geometries under both dysplastic and normal loading conditions, followed by statistical comparisons of the outcomes. Results BDD demonstrated distinct variations among different physiological loading conditions applied to normal hips. Higher BDD values were observed under DL compared to NL, particularly in the greater trochanter of the femur and in the acetabular region, ischium, and ilium of the hip. Overall, the average BDD under DL was 11.3% higher in the femur and 14.5% higher in the hip compared to NL across all NH cases. Discussion and Conclusion Altered physiological loading influences BDD in normal hips, with dysplastic loading leading to increased density in key femoral and pelvic regions. These findings highlight the critical role of load conditions in bone adaptation and joint biomechanics. References [1] Wolff J, Springer, 2012. [2] Henak CR et al., Osteoarthr. Cartil., 2014. [3] Harris MD et al., J. Orthop. Res., 2012. [4] Song K et al., Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng., 2019. [5] S. Maas and J. Weiss, “Theory Manual”
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Authors Mohammad Mahmoodi Gahrouei, Sita Bierma‐Zeinstra, Rintje Agricola, Nazlı Tümer, Amir Zadpoor
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Journal Journal of hip preservation surgery
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/jhps/hnag043.183
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnag043.183
Keywords Keywords not found

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