Genomic evidence for facultative selfing in the cichlid fish Cyphotilapia frontosa

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ID: 330888
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Organisms have evolved a remarkable diversity of reproductive strategies in response to environmental variations and selective pressures. Although most vertebrates do reproduce biparentally, rare alternative modes such as selfing (self-fertilization) and different forms of parthenogenesis exist, but remain poorly characterized. Here, we investigated an unusual reproductive event in the normally biparental cichlid fish Cyphotilapia frontosa, in which a female produced offspring in the absence of a male. Using whole-genome sequencing data, we analyzed whether reproduction occurred via selfing or parthenogenesis by comparing patterns of heterozygosity with those from a wild, genetically diverse C. frontosa family collected in Lake Tanganyika and a closely related inbred Ctenochromis benthicola family. The uniparental family exhibited reduced genetic diversity, elevated relatedness, and genome-wide patterns of homozygosity distinct from those expected under parthenogenesis or inbreeding, but consistent with self-fertilization. Our study provides rare genomic evidence of selfing in a vertebrate and suggests that such alternative reproductive modes may be overlooked rather than truly absent. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of how alternative reproductive strategies evolve in vertebrate lineages.
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Authors M. Efe Uysal, Daniela Souza-Costa, Allison Marks, Adrian Indermaur, Wolfgang Gessl, Walter Salzburger, Julia M. I. Barth
Journal genome biology and evolution
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/gbe/evag246
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evag246
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