Sport, exercise, and physical activity in children with cardiovascular disease. A Clinical Consensus Statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) of the ESC, the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions (ACNAP) of the ESC, and the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC)
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ID: 329399
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Regular physical activity offers numerous benefits to children's health and well-being and is essential for reducing cardiovascular risk in children with cardiovascular disease. Despite increasing evidence supporting its benefits, many young patients remain insufficiently active because of concerns regarding exercise related risks, limited expertise. This clinical consensus statement provides practical guidance for the prescription of exercise and physical activity in children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years with cardiovascular disease. The document aims to bridge the gap between evidence supporting the benefits of physical activity and its implementation in daily clinical practice, promoting safe participation in sport and exercise across a broad spectrum of cardiovascular conditions. This consensus statement outlines an individualised, patient-centred approach to exercise prescription based on clinical assessment, cardiovascular risk stratification, and the FITT principle: frequency, intensity, time, and type. Specific recommendations are provided for congenital and acquired heart disease, cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension, cardio-oncology patients, and children with physical disabilities or syndromes. The document emphasises the importance of multidisciplinary care, periodic follow up, exercise testing when indicated, and tailored programs adapted to the child’s clinical condition, developmental stage, and personal preferences. The overarching goal is to encourage safe and enjoyable participation in physical activity, improve quality of life and functional capacity, and foster lifelong healthy behaviours in children with cardiovascular disease.
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| Authors | Monica Tiberi, Flavio D’Ascenzi, Elena Cavarretta, Jessica Joan Orchard, Mark Abela, Maria Bäck, Martin Bahls, Frank A Casey, Silvia Castelletti, Guido Claessen, Fabrizio Drago, Thijs M.H. Eijsvogels, Gherardo Finocchiaro, Sabiha Gati, Henner Hanssen, Martin Halle, Viviana Maestrini, Aneil Malhotra, Nicola Mochi, Jan Marco Müller, Josef Niebauer, Rhoia Clara Neidenbach, David Niederseer, Michael Papadakis, Antonio Pelliccia, María Sanz‐de la Garza, Monika Siegrist, Graham Stuart, Alessandro Zorzi, Craig Anthony Williams, Guido E. Pieles |
| Journal | european journal of preventive cardiology |
| Year | 2026 |
| DOI |
10.1093/eurjpc/zwag497
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| URL | |
| Keywords | Keywords not found |
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