Vitamin D Supplementation and Melanoma Incidence and Recurrence: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

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ID: 329233
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Background Vitamin D has been hypothesized to influence melanoma risk and progression, but observational findings are confounded by ultraviolet exposure. Objectives To assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on melanoma recurrence and melanoma incidence using randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence. Methods A PRISMA-guided systematic review and meta-analysis identified RCTs evaluating oral vitamin D supplementation, with or without calcium, reporting melanoma incidence or recurrence. Hazard ratios (HRs) were pooled for recurrence and relative risks (RRs) for incidence using random-effects models with the Hartung–Knapp–Sidik–Jonkman (HKSJ) correction. Results Five RCTs including 56,901 participants met inclusion criteria. Vitamin D supplementation was not associated with reduced melanoma recurrence (pooled HR 1.23; 95% CI 0.29–5.18; HKSJ-adjusted) or melanoma incidence (pooled RR 0.94; 95% CI 0.71–1.24; HKSJ-adjusted). Findings were consistent across varied dosing regimens and follow-up durations. Limitations Melanoma was a secondary endpoint in some trials, event rates were low, and dosing regimens varied. Conclusions Current randomized evidence does not support vitamin D supplementation as a strategy to reduce melanoma incidence or recurrence.
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Authors Christian Roberti, Savannah Chapman, Hannah Jenkins, John Paul Lemchak, Margaret Mueller
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Journal clinical and experimental dermatology
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ced/llag418
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/ced/llag418
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