Forest bioindication via vascular plants: from multilevel frameworks to trait-based analysis

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ID: 328922
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Forest bioindication is widely used to assess ecosystem condition under anthropogenic and climatic stress, yet vascular plant-based approaches remain fragmented across biological levels, forest types, and indicator traits. This review synthesises the indexed and retrievable literature using a structured conceptual review and an ABC classification matrix linking biological organisation level, forest type, and indicator trait category. A total of 1,278 publications retrieved for January 2000–May 2025 were classified at the metadata level (title, abstract, and keywords) to identify research patterns and methodological gaps. Species- and community-level studies were the most frequently assigned organisational categories (A5, n=500; A6, n=460), while temperate forests, especially deciduous forests (B3.1, n=112), were strongly represented. Functional and morphometric traits were the most frequent trait categories, whereas biochemical, cellular-, and organ-level indicators were less integrated into broader forest assessments. The results indicate methodological expansion rather than linear replacement of species-based approaches, but integration across biological levels remains limited. PCA-based ordination and K-means clustering suggested two provisional research orientations: ecosystem- and community-level studies in tropical and subtropical forests based mainly on morpho-functional traits, and cellular- to organism-level studies in temperate forests focused on physiological and biochemical responses. Because the classification was metadata-based and the multivariate analyses exploratory, these orientations should be interpreted as descriptive tendencies rather than confirmed divisions of the field. The ABC framework supports comparison among studies and highlights priorities for diagnostic coherence, defined as consistent classification, measurement, and interpretation of indicators across biological levels, forest types, and trait categories.
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openalex_W7213428161 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors
Journal journal of plant ecology
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/jpe/rtag226
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