Trends in Smoking-Attributable Disease Burden in China, 1990–2021: Age, Sex, and Risk Factors in a Global Context

Clicks: 2
ID: 327600
2026
Free PDF
Article Quality & Performance Metrics
Overall Quality
Not rated
Combines reader engagement with the AI quality analysis. This article has not been analysed, so there is no overall score — reader engagement is measured and shown alongside.
AI Quality Assessment
Not analyzed
Readership in this journal
Emerging

Ranked #133 of 140 articles by views in nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the society for research on nicotine and tobacco

Most read Least read

Bar heights use a square-root scale. Only the 120 most-read articles are drawn; the journal has 140 in total.

Mint this article as an NFT
Not yet minted

Create a permanent, verifiable on-chain record of this article on the Scimatic Network. The NFT is held in your Journament account, and you can withdraw it to your own wallet at any time.

5 SUSD one-off · no wallet required
Sign in to mint
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Smoking remains one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding long-term trends in smoking-related diseases is essential for evaluating policy effectiveness and guiding prevention efforts. This study assessed the burden of disease attributable to smoking in China from 1990 to 2021, comparing its trends with global and sociodemographic index (SDI) patterns to identify policy priorities. METHODS: Age-, sex-, and SDI-stratified analyses were conducted using mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Temporal trends were evaluated with Joinpoint regression and multiple visualization methods. RESULTS: Globally, age-standardized smoking-attributable death rates declined, but China showed a steeper decline (average annual percent change = -2.00 vs. -1.77). However, China's absolute smoking-related deaths rose by 57.5% to 2.30 million in 2021, accounting for 37.3% of the global total. Males bore a disproportionately higher burden, with an age-standardized death rate nearly 10 times that of females. Burden peaked at ages 65-74 for death counts and at ages 90-94 for rates. Unlike the global pattern where cardiovascular diseases dominate, neoplasms were the leading cause in China. Age-standardized DALYs rates for diabetes and kidney diseases showed a rising trend. CONCLUSION: From 1990 to 2021, China experienced faster declines in standardized smoking burden than the global average, yet its absolute burden and global share increased substantially. Sustained, targeted tobacco control-especially among older males and for cancer prevention-is urgently needed.
Reference Key
openalex_W7208725728 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Dongjun Zhang, Jiangtao Dong, Chengfei Ruan, Xin Chen, Mingyue Wu, Siyu Chen, Lina Wang
Journal nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the society for research on nicotine and tobacco
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntag201
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntag201
Keywords Keywords not found

Citations

No citations found. To add a citation, contact the admin at info@scimatic.org

Comments

No comments yet. Be the first to comment on this article.