Neovaginal Cytologic and Molecular Screening Findings for HPV and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Transgender Women

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ID: 325059
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Background Evidence regarding optimal screening strategies for neovaginal health in transgender women remains limited. Data describing cytologic and molecular detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in neovaginal tissue are scarce, particularly in populations with high burden of HIV and STI. Methods We conducted a descriptive observational study of transgender women with neovagina receiving care at a specialized sexual health clinic in Mexico City. Neovaginal samples were collected for cytologic evaluation and PCR-based molecular testing for HPV and sexually transmitted pathogens. Results Sixteen transgender women were included (median age 44.5 years; range 31–52 years). Cytology samples were obtained in 13 participants and were negative in all cases. Despite universally negative cytology, PCR-based molecular testing identified high-risk HPV in 38.5% of tested participants and detected other sexually transmitted pathogens (Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Ureaplasma urealyticum). Conclusions Molecular screening identified HPV infection and other sexually transmitted pathogens in neovaginal samples despite negative cytology. These findings highlight potential limitations of cytology-based screening and support the integration of molecular diagnostics as part of comprehensive sexual health care for transgender women.
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Authors Teresita de Jesús Cabrera López, Marla Naivi Toiber-Rodríguez, Elizabeth Vancini Nieto, Mitzi Zaira Fong Ponce, Esmeralda Román Mar, Rebeca Eunice García Mendiola, Juan Manuel Bello López
Journal Open forum infectious diseases
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ofid/ofag516
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag516
Keywords Keywords not found

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