Towards improved particle reconstruction for single-molecule localization microscopy using geometric deep learning

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ID: 324763
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Motivation Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can resolve intracellular structures down to the nanoscale, but often produces sparse and incomplete data. Particle averaging (PA) can aid with the reconstruction of complete structures, but traditional PA methods can suffer from template bias or the high computational costs of geometric alignment. Results To address these limitations, we developed a geometric deep learning (GDL) framework for enhanced, template-free 3D particle averaging. Our pipeline uses a GDL autoencoder, trained on high-fidelity simulated data, to map incomplete point clouds into a robust latent space. By averaging feature vectors directly within this space, our method bypasses the need for explicit 3D alignment. We validated our approach on simulated DNA origami and experimental nuclear pore complex (NPC) data. The latent space averaging successfully reconstructed NPC structures with key metrics (ring radius ≈ 46 nm, ring distance ≈ 52 nm) that are comparable to state-of-the-art methods. This work establishes a viable GDL pipeline for SMLM analysis, offering an efficient alternative to traditional PA. While the current model requires structure-specific training, our results highlight the significant potential of GDL for quantitative structural biology. Availability https://github.com/dianamindroc/smlm Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
Reference Key
openalex_W7202248467 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Diana Mîndroc-Filimon, Dominic Helmerich, Patrick Salome, Markus Sauer, Philip Kollmannsberger
Journal Bioinformatics advances
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/bioadv/vbag228
URL
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