Change in Bone Mineral Density After Parathyroidectomy for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Review

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ID: 323301
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Context Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a common complication of chronic kidney disease that accelerates bone loss and increases fracture risk. While parathyroidectomy (PTx) is the definitive treatment for medically refractory cases, its impact on bone mineral density (BMD) has not been comprehensively evaluated. Evidence Acquisition A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Scopus was conducted from inception through January 2026. Studies were included if they reported dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured BMD before and after PTx in adults with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic kidney disease. Two reviewers independently screened and selected studies using the PICOS framework, and additional articles were identified through reference searching. Evidence Synthesis Across 11 studies encompassing 452 patients with paired measurements, all demonstrated significant improvement in BMD following a site-specific hierarchy favoring cancellous bone. The lumbar spine (+7-50% g/cm2) and femoral neck (+8-23% g/cm2) showed the most consistent gains, while the distal radius showed minimal change. Higher preoperative parathyroid hormone levels, elevated alkaline phosphatase, and lower baseline BMD were associated with greater skeletal recovery. The only available randomized trial confirmed the superiority of PTx over cinacalcet for bone density improvement. Conclusions PTx consistently improves BMD in patients with refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism, with the greatest gains at cancellous-rich skeletal sites. Clinicians should consider the skeletal benefits of PTx when counseling patients with medically refractory disease, particularly those with low baseline bone density and markedly elevated parathyroid hormone levels.
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Authors Daniel Gomez‐Carrillo, Muhammad Osama Khan, Azeem Izhar, Hameeda Arif Arain, Raj Roy, Niranjna Swaminathan, Rachael Caretti, Andrea Gillis, Brenessa Lindeman, Sophie Dream, Herbert Chen, Basma Abdulhadi
Journal the journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism
Year 2026
DOI
10.1210/clinem/dgag313
URL
Keywords Keywords not found

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