Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center in Florida

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ID: 322905
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Background Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental organisms which become opportunistic pathogens in certain populations. NTM prevalence has increased globally, likely due to increased diagnostic testing and availability of population-based studies. Current literature in oncology patients is minimal and represents a unique study area. Here we present the epidemiology and treatment of NTM infection cases at a National Cancer Institute-Designated Comprehensive Cancer Center. Methods We performed a retrospective single-center cohort study of adults with microbiologically-proven NTM infections presenting from 2020-2023. Epidemiological and treatment-related data were retrieved from the electronic medical record and evaluated to illustrate institutional patterns. Results Ninety-three cases met assessment criteria, with most (74/93, 80%) having a past or active cancer. Mycobacterium avium complex (47/93, 51%) and Mycobacterium abscessus group (28/93, 30%) were the most common isolates. The majority were pulmonary infections (75/93, 81%), with the integument accounting for most extrapulmonary sites (14/18, 78%). Forty-nine of 93 cases (53%) received therapy, with many (41/49, 84%) getting 3 or more agents. Thirty-nine (80%) required an initial regimen modification and 13 (27%) received dual β-lactam therapy (frequently including meropenem). Of treated patients, 36 (73%) demonstrated improved symptoms, 18 (37%) improved or partially improved radiologic change, and 19 (39%) sustained culture conversion to negative at the evaluation timepoint; 13 (27%) died or were lost to follow up. Conclusion Our report offers one of the largest single-center epidemiological perspectives regarding NTM infections in oncology patients. It offers unique insight into treatment practices in this population, particularly regarding dual β-lactam therapy.
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openalex_W7171628245 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Yanina Pasikhova, Matthew Snyder, Austin Morrison, Guy Handley, Misbahuddin Syed, Anthony P. Cannella
Journal Open forum infectious diseases
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ofid/ofag467
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag467
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