Individual-level factors associated with acute hospitalization after medically attended acute gastroenteritis and norovirus gastroenteritis in the United States, 2022–2024

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ID: 322679
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Background Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in the United States and is associated with substantial healthcare utilization, including risk of hospitalization. The extent to which underlying medical conditions contribute to this risk is not well understood. Methods This retrospective cohort study analyzed adults with incident medically attended all-cause AGE or cause-specified norovirus AGE episodes identified via International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification between July 1, 2022, and June 30, 2024 in Optum’s de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database (Optum® CDM). Generalized estimating equations estimated adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) for acute hospitalization within three days of AGE diagnoses. Results Of 1,705,514 all-cause AGE and 5,805 norovirus AGE cases, 11.3% and 44.6%, respectively, were hospitalized within three days of their episode. Hospitalization risk was higher for patients with cardiovascular disease (all-cause AGE aRR: 1.67 [95% CI, 1.64–1.69]; norovirus AGE aRR: 1.37 [1.22–1.54]), blood disorders, chronic respiratory disease, and chronic kidney disease. Relative to individuals without underlying conditions, hospitalization risk was higher for those with ≥2 conditions (all-cause AGE aRR: 2.02 [95% CI, 1.98–2.07]; norovirus AGE aRR: 1.79 [1.50–2.14]), exceeding the risk among those with 1 condition. Relative risk of acute hospitalization associated with presence of underlying conditions was higher among adults aged 18–64 years than among those ≥65 years. Conclusions Underlying conditions, notably cardiovascular disease and ≥2 underlying conditions, significantly increased the risk of acute hospitalization, which was elevated among adults aged 18–64 years.
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Authors John Shen, Christine Kim, Christopher Bush, Wen-Hsing Wu, Caroline Bridges, Allison E. Olmsted, Julia M. Baker, Brandon J. Patterson, Ben Lopman, Daniel C. Payne, Evan J. Anderson, Katherine B Carlson
Journal Open forum infectious diseases
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ofid/ofag449
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag449
Keywords Keywords not found

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