jsPCA: fast, scalable, and interpretable identification of spatial domains and variable genes across multi-slice and multi-sample spatial transcriptomics data

Clicks: 8
ID: 322665
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Spatial transcriptomics technologies record genome-wide measurements of gene expression with high spatial resolution. These technologies generate large and high-dimensional datasets requiring efficient automated methods for their analysis. We introduce joint spatial PCA (jsPCA), a novel, fast, scalable and interpretable method for the automatic identification of spatial domains and variable genes in multi-slice and multi-sample spatial transcriptomics data. jsPCA relies on a simple mathematical formulation of a spatial covariance defined as the product of the gene expression covariance with the spatial autocorrelation. The principal components of this spatial covariance yield a biologically meaningful low-dimensional representation. From this representation, spatial domains are derived by simple clustering and spatially variable genes are identified directly from the principal component coefficients. A joint representation of multiple slices and samples without spatial alignment is obtained by computing common principal components via joint diagonalization. By leveraging data sparsity and non-convex manifold optimization, jsPCA leads to computing time in the order of seconds to minutes, substantially outperforming state-of-the-art approaches. We benchmarked jsPCA against 10 state-of-the-art methods on two reference databases. Our approach demonstrated excellent performance, comparable or better than state-of-the-art methods, while being much faster, interpretable, and scalable to very large datasets.
Reference Key
openalex_W4414316179 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Ines Assali, Paul Escande, Franck Picard, Paul Villoutreix
Journal Bioinformatics advances
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/bioadv/vbag206
URL
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