Risk of Acute Kidney Injury in Salmonella Enteritis Compared to Campylobacter Enteritis: A Retrospective Cohort Study

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ID: 322567
2026
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Abstract
Abstract Background Campylobacter and Salmonella are leading causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, yet their comparative impact on acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unexplored. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults (≥18 years) hospitalized with community-acquired bacterial gastroenteritis at a tertiary center in South Korea (2018–2025). The primary outcome was AKI incidence. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between pathogen type (Campylobacter, Salmonella, or Others including Escherichia coli or Clostridium difficile) and AKI risk (reference: Campylobacter). Secondary outcome included post-discharge kidney outcomes (acute kidney disease [AKD], incident chronic kidney disease [CKD], and CKD progression). Results Among 232 patients (Campylobacter n=139, Salmonella n=55, and Others n=38), AKI incidence differed significantly across groups (26.6%, 70.9%, and 31.6%, respectively; P <0.001), with 42% of Salmonella patients developing stage 2–3 AKI. Salmonella enteritis was independently associated with higher AKI risk than Campylobacter (odds ratio 3.19, 95% CI 1.23–8.30). Salmonella patients had 46% longer hospital stays (median 8 vs. 5 days). In-hospital AKI was associated with post-discharge composite kidney outcome (hazard ratio 3.17, 95% CI 1.02–9.83), particularly during the AKD window (7-90 days post-discharge). Notably, 17% of patients who recovered from AKI before discharge subsequently developed AKD or CKD. Conclusions In this retrospective study, hospitalized patients with Salmonella enteritis had a higher risk of AKI than those with Campylobacter; furthermore, those with in-hospital AKI from any cause were more likely to have adverse short-to-intermediate-term post-discharge kidney abnormalities. These findings support pathogen-specific risk stratification and the need for post-discharge monitoring of patients who develop in-hospital AKI.
Reference Key
openalex_W7171217524 Use this key to autocite in the manuscript while using SciMatic Manuscript Manager or Thesis Manager
Authors Hyeon Woo, Woogyeom Kim, Yu Mi Wi, Dae Hyeon Cho, Yu‐Ji Lee
Journal Open forum infectious diseases
Year 2026
DOI
10.1093/ofid/ofag451
URL
https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofag451
Keywords Keywords not found

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